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| Titel |
PAH concentrations simulated with the AURAMS-PAH chemical transport model over Canada and the USA |
| VerfasserIn |
E. Galarneau, P. A. Makar, Q. Zheng, J. Narayan, J. Zhang, M. D. Moran, M. A. Bari, S. Pathela, A. Chen, R. Chlumsky |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 8 ; Nr. 14, no. 8 (2014-04-23), S.4065-4077 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118634
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-4065-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The offline Eulerian AURAMS (A Unified Regional Air quality Modelling
System) chemical transport model was adapted to simulate airborne
concentrations of seven PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons): phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene,
pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene + triphenylene, and benzo[a]pyrene. The
model was then run for the year 2002 with hourly output on a grid covering
southern Canada and the continental USA with 42 km horizontal grid spacing.
Model predictions were compared to ~5000 24 h-average
PAH measurements from 45 sites, most of which were located in urban or
industrial areas. Eight of the measurement sites also provided data on
particle/gas partitioning which had been modelled using two alternative
schemes. This is the first known regional modelling study for PAHs over a
North American domain and the first modelling study at any scale to compare
alternative particle/gas partitioning schemes against paired field
measurements. The goal of the study was to provide output concentration maps
of use to assessing human inhalation exposure to PAHs in ambient air. Annual
average modelled total (gas + particle) concentrations were statistically
indistinguishable from measured values for fluoranthene, pyrene and
benz[a]anthracene whereas the model underestimated concentrations of
phenanthrene, anthracene and chrysene + triphenylene. Significance for
benzo[a]pyrene performance was close to the statistical threshold and
depended on the particle/gas partitioning scheme employed. On a day-to-day
basis, the model simulated total PAH concentrations to the correct order of
magnitude the majority of the time. The model showed seasonal differences in
prediction quality for volatile species which suggests that a missing
emission source such as air–surface exchange should be included in future
versions. Model performance differed substantially between measurement
locations and the limited available evidence suggests that the model's spatial
resolution was too coarse to capture the distribution of concentrations in
densely populated areas. A more detailed analysis of the factors influencing
modelled particle/gas partitioning is warranted based on the findings in
this study. |
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