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Titel |
Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system |
VerfasserIn |
P. Ciais, A. J. Dolman, A. Bombelli, R. Duren, A. Peregon, P. J. Rayner, C. Miller, N. Gobron, G. Kinderman, G. Marland, N. Gruber, F. Chevallier, R. J. Andres, G. Balsamo, L. Bopp, F.-M. Bréon, G. Broquet, R. Dargaville, T. J. Battin, A. Borges, H. Bovensmann, M. Buchwitz, J. Butler, J. G. Canadell, R. B. Cook, R. DeFries, R. Engelen, K. R. Gurney, C. Heinze, M. Heimann, A. Held, M. Henry, B. Law, S. Luyssaert, J. Miller, T. Moriyama, C. Moulin, R. B. Myneni, C. Nussli, M. Obersteiner, D. Ojima, Y. Pan, J.-D. Paris, S. L. Piao, B. Poulter, S. Plummer, S. Quegan, P. Raymond, M. Reichstein, L. Rivier, C. Sabine, D. Schimel, O. Tarasova, R. Valentini, R. Wang, G. van der Werf, D. Wickland, M. Williams, C. Zehner |
Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
Englisch
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ISSN |
1726-4170
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Digitales Dokument |
URL |
Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 11, no. 13 ; Nr. 11, no. 13 (2014-07-03), S.3547-3602 |
Datensatznummer |
250117504
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Publikation (Nr.) |
copernicus.org/bg-11-3547-2014.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to
improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve
our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of
policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon
sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires
transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework
towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components:
anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial
biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding
agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the
(diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon
observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated
carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key
conclusion is the substantial expansion of the ground-based observation
networks required to reach the high spatial resolution for CO2 and
CH4 fluxes, and for carbon stocks for addressing policy-relevant
objectives, and attributing flux changes to underlying processes in each
region. In order to establish flux and stock diagnostics over areas such as
the southern oceans, tropical forests, and the Arctic, in situ observations
will have to be complemented with remote-sensing measurements. Remote sensing
offers the advantage of dense spatial coverage and frequent revisit. A key
challenge is to bring remote-sensing measurements to a level of long-term
consistency and accuracy so that they can be efficiently combined in models
to reduce uncertainties, in synergy with ground-based data. Bringing tight
observational constraints on fossil fuel and land use change emissions will
be the biggest challenge for deployment of a policy-relevant integrated
carbon observation system. This will require in situ and remotely sensed data
at much higher resolution and density than currently achieved for natural
fluxes, although over a small land area (cities, industrial sites, power
plants), as well as the inclusion of fossil fuel CO2 proxy measurements
such as radiocarbon in CO2 and carbon-fuel combustion tracers.
Additionally, a policy-relevant carbon monitoring system should also provide
mechanisms for reconciling regional top-down (atmosphere-based) and bottom-up
(surface-based) flux estimates across the range of spatial and temporal
scales relevant to mitigation policies. In addition, uncertainties for each
observation data-stream should be assessed. The success of the system will
rely on long-term commitments to monitoring, on improved international
collaboration to fill gaps in the current observations, on sustained efforts
to improve access to the different data streams and make databases
interoperable, and on the calibration of each component of the system to
agreed-upon international scales. |
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