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| Titel |
Identifying water mass depletion in northern Iraq observed by GRACE |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Mulder, T. N. Olsthoorn, D. A. M. A. Al-Manmi, E. J. O. Schrama, E. H. Smidt |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 19, no. 3 ; Nr. 19, no. 3 (2015-03-24), S.1487-1500 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120666
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-19-1487-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Observations acquired by Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)
mission indicate a mass loss of 146 ± 6 mm equivalent water height
(EWH) in northern Iraq between 2007 and 2009.
These data are used as an independent validation of lake mass variations and a
rainfall-runoff model, which is based on local geology and climate conditions.
Model inputs are precipitation from Tropical Rainfall Measurement
Mission (TRMM) observations, and climatic parameters from Global Land Data
Assimilation Systems (GLDAS) model parameters. The model is calibrated with observed river
discharge and includes a representation of the karstified aquifers in the region to
improve model realism. Lake mass variations were derived from Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in combination with satellite altimetry and
some in situ data. Our rainfall–runoff model confirms that northern Iraq
suffered a drought between 2007 and 2009 and captures the annual cycle
and longer trend of the observed GRACE data. The total mass depletion seen by GRACE between 2007
and 2009 is mainly explained by a lake mass depletion of 75 ± 3 mm EWH
and a natural groundwater depletion of 39 ± 8 mm EWH. Our findings
indicate that anthropogenic groundwater extraction has a minor influence in
this region, while a decline in lake mass and natural depletion of
groundwater play a key role. |
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