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| Titel |
Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study |
| VerfasserIn |
B. Funke, A. Baumgaertner, M. Calisto, T. Egorova, C. H. Jackman, J. Kieser, A. Krivolutsky, M. López-Puertas, D. R. Marsh, T. Reddmann, E. Rozanov, S.-M. Salmi, M. Sinnhuber, G. P. Stiller, P. T. Verronen, S. Versick, T. Clarmann, T. Y. Vyushkova, N. Wieters, J. M. Wissing |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 17 ; Nr. 11, no. 17 (2011-09-05), S.9089-9139 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010055
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-9089-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
We have compared composition changes of NO, NO2, H2O2, O3,
N2O, HNO3, N2O5, HNO4, ClO, HOCl, and ClONO2 as
observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding
(MIPAS) on Envisat in the aftermath of the "Halloween" solar proton event
(SPE) in late October 2003 at 25–0.01 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere
(40–90° N) and simulations performed by the following atmospheric models:
the Bremen 2-D model (B2dM) and Bremen 3-D Chemical Transport Model (B3dCTM),
the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) model, FinROSE, the Hamburg Model
of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), the Karlsruhe Simulation
Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA), the ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric
Chemistry (EMAC) model, the modeling tool for SOlar Climate Ozone Links
studies (SOCOL and SOCOLi), and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
(WACCM4). The large number of participating models allowed for an evaluation
of the overall ability of atmospheric models to reproduce observed
atmospheric perturbations generated by SPEs, particularly with respect to
NOy and ozone changes. We have further assessed the meteorological
conditions and their implications for the chemical response to the SPE in
both the models and observations by comparing temperature and tracer
(CH4 and CO) fields.
Simulated SPE-induced ozone losses agree on average within 5 % with the
observations. Simulated NOy enhancements around 1 hPa, however, are
typically 30 % higher than indicated by the observations which are likely to
be related to deficiencies in the used ionization rates, though other error
sources related to the models' atmospheric background state and/or transport
schemes cannot be excluded. The analysis of the observed and modeled NOy
partitioning in the aftermath of the SPE has demonstrated the need to
implement additional ion chemistry (HNO3 formation via ion-ion
recombination and water cluster ions) into the chemical schemes. An
overestimation of observed H2O2 enhancements by all models hints at an
underestimation of the OH/HO2 ratio in the upper polar
stratosphere during the SPE. The analysis of chlorine species perturbations
has shown that the encountered differences between models and observations,
particularly the underestimation of observed ClONO2 enhancements, are
related to a smaller availability of ClO in the polar night region already
before the SPE. In general, the intercomparison has demonstrated that
differences in the meteorology and/or initial state of the atmosphere in the
simulations cause a relevant variability of the model results, even on a
short timescale of only a few days. |
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