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| Titel |
Dimensions and aspect ratios of natural ice crystals |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Um, G. M. McFarquhar, Y. P. Hong, S.-S. Lee, C. H. Jung, R. P. Lawson, Q. Mo |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 7 ; Nr. 15, no. 7 (2015-04-15), S.3933-3956 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119627
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-3933-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
During the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment
(TWP-ICE) in the tropics, the 2008 Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol
Campaign (ISDAC) in the Arctic, and the 2010 Small PARTicles In CirrUS
(SPARTICUS) campaign at mid-latitudes, high-resolution images of ice
crystals were recorded by a Cloud Particle Imager at temperatures
(T) between −87 and 0 °C. The
projected maximum dimension (D'), length (L'), and width (W') of
pristine columns, plates, and component bullets of bullet rosettes
were measured using newly developed software, the Ice Crystal Ruler.
The number of bullets in each bullet rosette was also measured. Column
crystals were further distinguished as either horizontally oriented
columns or columns with other orientations to eliminate any
orientation effect on the measured dimensions. The dimensions and aspect
ratios (AR, the dimension of the major axis divided by the dimension of the minor
axis) of crystals were determined as functions of temperature,
geophysical location, and type of cirrus.
Dimensions of crystals generally increased with temperature.
Columns and bullets had larger dimensions (i.e., W') of the minor
axis (i.e., a axis) for a given dimension (i.e., D' orL') of
the major axis (i.e., c axis), and thus smaller AR, as T
increased, whereas this trend did not occur for plate crystals. The
average number of branches in bullet rosettes was 5.50 ± 1.35
during three campaigns and 6.32 ± 1.34 (5.46 ± 1.34;
4.95 ± 1.01) during TWP-ICE (SPARTICUS; ISDAC). The AR of
bullets increased with the number of branches in bullet rosettes. Most
dimensions of crystals and ARs of columnar crystals measured during
SPARTICUS were larger than those measured during TWP-ICE and ISDAC at
−67 < T < -35 °C and at −40 < T < −15 °C,
respectively. The relative occurrence of varying pristine habits
depended strongly on cirrus type (i.e., anvil or non-anvil clouds),
with plates especially occurring more frequently in anvils. The
L–W relationships of columns derived using current data exhibited
a strong dependence on temperature; similar relationships determined in
previous studies were within the range of the current data. |
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