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| Titel |
In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign |
| VerfasserIn |
C. Voigt, U. Schumann, T. Jurkat, D. Schäuble, H. Schlager, A. Petzold, J.-F. Gayet, M. Krämer, J. Schneider, S. Borrmann, J. Schmale, P. Jessberger, T. Hamburger, M. Lichtenstern, M. Scheibe, C. Gourbeyre, J. Meyer, M. Kübbeler, W. Frey, H. Kalesse, T. Butler, M. G. Lawrence, F. Holzäpfel, F. Arnold, M. Wendisch, A. Döpelheuer, K. Gottschaldt, R. Baumann, M. Zöger, Ingo Sölch, M. Rautenhaus, A. Dörnbrack |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 10, no. 18 ; Nr. 10, no. 18 (2010-09-30), S.9039-9056 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008795
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-10-9039-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon
during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in
October/November 2008. The Falcon was equipped with a set of
instruments to measure the particle size distribution, shape,
extinction and chemical composition as well as trace gas mixing
ratios of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen
species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and
carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Europe,
numerous contrails, cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were
probed at altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and at temperatures
above 213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed
near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing ratios, ice
crystal and soot number densities are compared to a process based
contrail model. On 19 November 2008 the contrail from a CRJ-2
aircraft was penetrated in 10.1 km altitude at a temperature of
221 K. The contrail had mean ice crystal number densities of
125 cm−3 with effective radii reff of 2.6 μm.
The presence of particles with r>50 μm in the less than 2 min
old contrail suggests that natural cirrus crystals were
entrained in the contrail. Mean HONO/NO (HONO/NOy) ratios of 0.037
(0.024) and the fuel sulfur conversion efficiency to H2SO4
(εS↓) of 2.9 % observed in the CRJ-2
contrail are in the range of previous measurements in the gaseous
aircraft exhaust. On 31 October 2010 aviation NO emissions could
have contributed by more than 40% to the regional scale NO levels
in the mid-latitude lowest stratosphere. The CONCERT observations
help to better quantify the climate impact from contrails and will
be used to investigate the chemical processing of trace gases on
contrails. |
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