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Titel |
Atmospheric impact of the 1783–1784 Laki Eruption: Part II Climatic effect of sulphate aerosol |
VerfasserIn |
E.-J. Highwood, D. S. Stevenson |
Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
Englisch
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ISSN |
1680-7316
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Digitales Dokument |
URL |
Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 3, no. 4 ; Nr. 3, no. 4 (2003-08-13), S.1177-1189 |
Datensatznummer |
250001147
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Publikation (Nr.) |
copernicus.org/acp-3-1177-2003.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
The long
1783-1784 eruption of Laki in southern Iceland, was one of the first eruptions to have been linked to an observed climate
anomaly, having been held responsible for cold temperatures over much of the Northern Hemisphere in the period
1783-1785. Results from the first climate model simulation of the impact of a similar eruption to
that of 1783-1784 are presented. Using sulphate aerosol fields produced in a companion chemical transport model simulation by
Stevenson et al. (2003), the radiative forcing and climate response due to
the aerosol are calculated here using the Reading Intermediate General Circulation Model (IGCM). The peak Northern Hemisphere mean direct
radiative forcing is -5.5 Wm-2 in August 1783. The radiative forcing dies away quickly as the emissions from the volcano decrease;
however, a small forcing remains over the Mediterranean until March 1784. There is little forcing in the Southern Hemisphere. There is
shown to be an uncertainty of at least 50% in the direct radiative forcing due to assumptions concerning relative humidity and the
sophistication of the radiative transfer code used. The indirect effects of the Laki aerosol are potentially large but essentially
unquantifiable at the present time. In the IGCM at least, the aerosol from the eruption produces a climate response that is spatially very
variable. The Northern Hemisphere mean temperature anomaly averaged over the whole of the calendar year containing most of the eruption is
-0.21 K, statistically significant at the 95% level and in reasonable agreement with the available observations of the
temperature during 1783. |
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