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| Titel |
Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) for ship traffic on the future air quality in the Baltic Sea region |
| VerfasserIn |
Matthias Karl, Beate Geyer, Johannes Bieser, Volker Matthias, Markus Quante, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lasse Johansson, Erik Fridell |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2017
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
en
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 19 (2017) |
| Datensatznummer |
250141940
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2017-5500.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Deposition of nitrogen compounds originating from shipping activities contribute to
eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and coastal areas in the Baltic Sea region. Emissions of
nitrogen oxides (NOx) from shipping on the Baltic Sea are comparable to the combined
land-based emissions of NOx from Finland and Sweden and have been relatively stable over
the last decade. However, expected future growth of maritime transport will result in
higher fuel consumption and, if not compensated by increased transport efficiency
or other measures, lead to higher total emissions of NOx from shipping. For the
Baltic Sea a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) will become effective in 2021 -
permitting only new built ships that are compliant with stringent Tier III emission
limits - with the target of reducing NOx-emissions. In order to study the effect of
implementing a Baltic Sea NECA-2021 on air quality and nitrogen deposition two future
scenarios were designed; one with implementation of a NECA for the Baltic Sea
starting in 2021 and another with no NECA implemented. The same increase of ship
traffic was assumed for both future scenarios. Since complete fleet renewal with low
NOx-emitting engines is not expected until 20-30 years after the NECA entry date, year
2040 was chosen as future scenario year. The Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) model was used to simulate the current and future air quality situation. The
nested simulation runs with CMAQ were performed on a horizontal resolution
of 4 km × 4 km for the entire Baltic Sea region. The meteorological year 2012
was chosen for the simulation of the current and future air quality situation since
the 2m-temperature and precipitation anomalies of 2012 are closely aligned to the
2004-2014 decadal average over Baltic Proper. High-resolution meteorology obtained
from COSMO-CLM was used for the regional simulations. Ship emissions were
generated with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) by the Finnish
Meteorological Institute (FMI) using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) network
data to allocate ship positions. Gridded land-based emissions were taken from the
SMOKE-EU model which is based on the official EMEP data. Future land-based
emissions were reduced in accordance with current legislation. Model simulations
for the current situation show that shipping emissions are the main contributor to
ambient NO2 concentrations over the Baltic Sea. Shipping emissions are responsible
for 40-70 % of the particulate nitrate concentrations during the summer months.
Relative contribution of shipping emissions to monthly total nitrogen deposition,
as a sum of oxidized and reduced nitrogen compounds, was highest in summer,
with up to 60 % in the northern part of the Baltic Proper, while it was on average
10 % for other parts of the Baltic Sea. With the NECA in the Baltic Sea in effect
from 2021, the reduction of reactive nitrogen concentrations and deposition in the
Baltic Sea region compared to a scenario without Tier III regulations is significant. |
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