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| Titel |
Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields |
| VerfasserIn |
C. J. Steele, S. R. Dorling, R. Glasow, J. Bacon |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 1 ; Nr. 13, no. 1 (2013-01-15), S.443-461 |
| Datensatznummer |
250017559
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-443-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The behaviour and characteristics of the marine component of sea breeze cells
have received little attention relative to their onshore counterparts. Yet
there is a growing interest and dependence on the offshore wind climate from,
for example, a wind energy perspective. Using idealized model experiments, we
investigate the sea breeze circulation at scales which approximate to those
of the southern North Sea, a region of major ongoing offshore wind farm
development. We also contrast the scales and characteristics of the
pure and the little known corkscrew and backdoor sea
breeze types, where the type is pre-defined by the orientation of the
synoptic scale flow relative to the shoreline. We find, crucially, that
pure sea breezes, in contrast to corkscrew and backdoor
types, can lead to substantial wind speed reductions offshore and that the
addition of a second eastern coastline emphasises this effect through
generation of offshore "calm zones". The offshore extent of all sea breeze
types is found to be sensitive to both the influence of Coriolis acceleration
and to the boundary layer scheme selected. These extents range, for example
for a pure sea breeze produced in a 2 m s−1 offshore gradient
wind, from 0 km to 21 km between the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino and the
Yonsei State University schemes respectively. The corkscrew type
restricts the development of a backdoor sea breeze on the opposite
coast and is also capable of traversing a 100 km offshore domain even under
high along-shore gradient wind speed (>15 m s−1) conditions.
Realistic variations in sea surface skin temperature and initializing
vertical thermodynamic profile do not significantly alter the resulting
circulation, though the strengths of the simulated sea breezes are modulated
if the effective land-sea thermal contrast is altered. We highlight how sea
breeze impacts on circulation need to be considered in order to improve the
accuracy of both assessments of the offshore wind energy climate and
forecasts of wind energy output. |
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