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| Titel |
Scenario-based numerical modelling and the palaeo-historic record of tsunamis in Wallis and Futuna, Southwest Pacific |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Lamarche, S. Popinet, B. Pelletier, J. Mountjoy, J. Goff, S. Delaux, J. Bind |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences ; 15, no. 8 ; Nr. 15, no. 8 (2015-08-11), S.1763-1784 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119634
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-15-1763-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| We investigated the tsunami hazard in the remote French territory of Wallis
and Futuna, Southwest Pacific, using the Gerris flow solver to produce
numerical models of tsunami generation, propagation and inundation. Wallis
consists of the inhabited volcanic island of Uvéa that is surrounded by
a lagoon delimited by a barrier reef. Futuna and the island of Alofi form
the Horn Archipelago located ca. 240 km east of Wallis. They are surrounded
by a narrow fringing reef. Futuna and Alofi emerge from the North Fiji
Transform Fault that marks the seismically active Pacific-Australia plate
boundary. We generated 15 tsunami scenarios. For each, we calculated
maximum wave elevation (MWE), inundation distance and expected time of
arrival (ETA). The tsunami sources were local, regional and distant
earthquake faults located along the Pacific Rim. In Wallis, the outer reef
may experience 6.8 m-high MWE. Uvéa is protected by the barrier reef and
the lagoon, but inundation depths of 2–3 m occur in several coastal areas. In
Futuna, flow depths exceeding 2 m are modelled in several populated areas,
and have been confirmed by a post-September 2009 South Pacific tsunami
survey. The channel between the islands of Futuna and Alofi amplified the
2009 tsunami, which resulted in inundation distance of almost 100 m and MWE
of 4.4 m. This first ever tsunami hazard modelling study of Wallis and
Futuna compares well with palaeotsunamis recognised on both islands and
observation of the impact of the 2009 South Pacific tsunami. The study
provides evidence for the mitigating effect of barrier and fringing reefs
from tsunamis. |
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