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| Titel |
Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens |
| VerfasserIn |
O. Zielinski, J. A. Busch, A. D. Cembella, K. L. Daly, J. Engelbrektsson, A. K. Hannides, H. Schmidt |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1812-0784
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Ocean Science ; 5, no. 3 ; Nr. 5, no. 3 (2009-09-11), S.329-349 |
| Datensatznummer |
250002582
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/os-5-329-2009.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Marine environments are influenced by a wide diversity of anthropogenic and
natural substances and organisms that may have adverse effects on human
health and ecosystems. Real-time measurements of pollutants, toxins, and
pathogens across a range of spatial scales are required to adequately
monitor these hazards, manage the consequences, and to understand the
processes governing their magnitude and distribution. Significant
technological advancements have been made in recent years for the detection
and analysis of such marine hazards. In particular, sensors deployed on a
variety of mobile and fixed-point observing platforms provide a valuable
means to assess hazards. In this review, we present state-of-the-art of
sensor technology for the detection of harmful substances and organisms in
the ocean. Sensors are classified by their adaptability to various
platforms, addressing large, intermediate, or small areal scales. Current
gaps and future demands are identified with an indication of the urgent need
for new sensors to detect marine hazards at all scales in autonomous
real-time mode. Progress in sensor technology is expected to depend on the
development of small-scale sensor technologies with a high sensitivity and
specificity towards target analytes or organisms. However, deployable
systems must comply with platform requirements as these interconnect the
three areal scales. Future developments will include the integration of
existing methods into complex and operational sensing systems for a
comprehensive strategy for long-term monitoring. The combination of sensor
techniques on all scales will remain crucial for the demand of large spatial
and temporal coverage. |
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