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| Titel |
Aircraft routing with minimal climate impact: the REACT4C climate cost function modelling approach (V1.0) |
| VerfasserIn |
V. Grewe, C. Frömming, S. Matthes, S. Brinkop, M. Ponater, S. Dietmüller, P. Jöckel, H. Garny, E. Tsati, K. Dahlmann, O. A. Søvde, J. Fuglestvedt, T. K. Berntsen, K. P. Shine, E. A. Irvine, T. Champougny, P. Hullah |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 7, no. 1 ; Nr. 7, no. 1 (2014-01-28), S.175-201 |
| Datensatznummer |
250115536
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-7-175-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In addition to CO2, the climate impact of aviation is strongly
influenced by non-CO2 emissions, such as nitrogen oxides, influencing
ozone and methane, and water vapour, which can lead to the formation of
persistent contrails in ice-supersaturated regions. Because these
non-CO2 emission effects are characterised by a short lifetime, their
climate impact largely depends on emission location and time; that is to say, emissions
in certain locations (or times) can lead to a greater climate impact (even on
the global average) than the same emission in other locations (or times).
Avoiding these climate-sensitive regions might thus be beneficial to climate.
Here, we describe a modelling chain for investigating this climate impact
mitigation option. This modelling chain forms a multi-step modelling approach, starting with
the simulation of the fate of emissions released at a certain location and
time (time-region grid points). This is performed with the
chemistry–climate model EMAC, extended via the two submodels AIRTRAC (V1.0)
and CONTRAIL (V1.0), which describe the contribution of emissions to the
composition of the atmosphere and to contrail formation, respectively. The
impact of emissions from the large number of time-region grid points is
efficiently calculated by applying a Lagrangian scheme. EMAC also includes
the calculation of radiative impacts, which are, in a second step, the input
to climate metric formulas describing the global climate impact of the
emission at each time-region grid point. The result of the modelling chain
comprises a four-dimensional data set in space and time, which we call
climate cost functions and which describes the global climate impact of an emission at each grid point and
each point in time. In a third
step, these climate cost functions are used in an air traffic simulator
(SAAM) coupled to an emission tool (AEM) to optimise aircraft trajectories
for the North Atlantic region. Here, we describe the details of this new
modelling approach and show some example results. A number of sensitivity
analyses are performed to motivate the settings of individual parameters.
A stepwise sanity check of the results of the modelling chain is undertaken
to demonstrate the plausibility of the climate cost functions. |
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