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| Titel |
An airborne assessment of atmospheric particulate emissions from the processing of Athabasca oil sands |
| VerfasserIn |
S. G. Howell, A. D. Clarke, S. Freitag, C. S. McNaughton, V. Kapustin, V. Brekovskikh, J.-L. Jimenez, M. J. Cubison |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 10 ; Nr. 14, no. 10 (2014-05-23), S.5073-5087 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118732
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-5073-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| During the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from
Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign, two NASA research aircraft, a DC-8
and a P-3B, were outfitted with extensive trace gas (the DC-8) and aerosol
(both aircraft) instrumentation. Each aircraft spent about a half hour
sampling air around the oil sands mining and upgrading facilities near
Ft. McMurray, Alberta, Canada. The DC-8 circled the area, while the P-3B flew
directly over the upgrading plants, sampling close to the exhaust stacks,
then headed downwind to monitor the aerosol as it aged. At short range, the
plume from the oil sands is a complex mosaic of freshly nucleated ultrafine
particles from a SO2- and NO2-rich plume, soot and possibly
fly ash from industrial processes, and dust from dirt roads and mining
operations. Shortly downwind, organic aerosol appears in quantities that
rival SO4, either as volatile organic vapors condense or as they
react with the H2SO4. The DC-8 pattern allowed us to integrate total
flux from the oil sands facilities within about a factor of 2 uncertainty
that spanned values consistent with 2008 estimates from reported SO2
and NO2 emissions, though there is no reason to expect one flyby to
represent average conditions. In contrast, CO fluxes exceeded reported
regional emissions, due either to variability in production or sources
missing from the emissions inventory. The conversion rate of SO2 to
aerosol SO4 of ~6% per hour is consistent with earlier
reports, though OH concentrations are insufficient to accomplish this. Other
oxidation pathways must be active. Altogether, organic aerosol and black
carbon emissions from the oil sands operations are small compared with annual
forest fire emissions in Canada. The oil sands do contribute significant
sulfate and exceed fire production of SO2 by an order of magnitude. |
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