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| Titel |
The influence of cruise ship emissions on air pollution in Svalbard – a harbinger of a more polluted Arctic? |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Eckhardt, O. Hermansen, H. Grythe, M. Fiebig, K. Stebel, M. Cassiani, A. Baecklund, A. Stohl |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 16 ; Nr. 13, no. 16 (2013-08-26), S.8401-8409 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085648
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-8401-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In this study we have analyzed whether tourist cruise ships have an
influence on measured sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), Aitken
mode particle and equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations at Ny
Ålesund and Zeppelin Mountain on Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic
during summer. We separated the measurement data set into periods when ships
were present and periods when ships were not present in the Kongsfjord area,
according to a long-term record of the number of passengers visiting Ny
Ålesund. We show that when ships with more than 50 passengers cruise in
the Kongsfjord, measured daytime mean concentrations of 60 nm particles and
EBC in summer show enhancements of 72 and 45%, respectively, relative to
values when ships are not present. Even larger enhancements of 81 and 72%
were found for stagnant conditions. In contrast, O3 concentrations were
5% lower on average and 7% lower under stagnant conditions, due to
titration of O3 with the emitted nitric oxide (NO). The differences
between the two data subsets are largest for the highest measured
percentiles,
while relatively small differences were found for the median concentrations,
indicating that ship plumes are sampled relatively infrequently even when
ships are present although they carry high pollutant concentrations. We
estimate that the ships increased the total summer mean concentrations of
SO2, 60 nm particles and EBC by 15, 18 and 11%, respectively. Our
findings have two important implications. Firstly, even at such a remote
Arctic observatory as Zeppelin, the measurements can be influenced by
tourist ship emissions. Careful data screening is recommended before
summertime Zeppelin data is used for data analysis or for comparison with
global chemistry transport models. However, Zeppelin remains as one of the
most valuable Arctic observatories, as most other Arctic observatories face
even larger local pollution problems. Secondly, given landing statistics of
tourist ships on Svalbard, it is suspected that large parts of the Svalbard
archipelago are affected by cruise ship emissions. Thus, our results may be
taken as a warning signal of future pan-Arctic conditions if Arctic shipping
becomes more frequent and emission regulations are not strict enough. |
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