 |
| Titel |
Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease |
| VerfasserIn |
R. Zhang, T. Duhl, M. T. Salam, J. M. House, R. C. Flagan, E. L. Avol, F. D. Gilliland, A. Guenther, S. H. Chung, B. K. Lamb, T. M. VanReken |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1726-4170
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 11, no. 6 ; Nr. 11, no. 6 (2014-03-19), S.1461-1478 |
| Datensatznummer |
250117300
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-11-1461-2014.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| Exposure to bioaerosol allergens such as pollen can cause exacerbations of
allergenic airway disease (AAD) in sensitive populations, and thus cause
serious public health problems. Assessing these health impacts by linking the
airborne pollen levels, concentrations of respirable allergenic material, and
human allergenic response under current and future climate conditions is a
key step toward developing preventive and adaptive actions. To that end, a
regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework was developed
that treats allergenic pollens as non-reactive tracers within the coupled
Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ)
modeling system. The Simulator of the Timing and
Magnitude of Pollen Season (STaMPS) model was used
to generate a daily pollen pool that can then be emitted into the atmosphere
by wind. The STaMPS is driven by species-specific meteorological (temperature
and/or precipitation) threshold conditions and is designed to be flexible
with respect to its representation of vegetation species and plant functional
types (PFTs). The hourly pollen emission flux was parameterized by
considering the pollen pool, friction velocity, and wind threshold values.
The dry deposition velocity of each species of pollen was estimated based on
pollen grain size and density. An evaluation of the pollen modeling framework
was conducted for southern California (USA) for the period from March to June
2010. This period coincided with observations by the University of Southern
California's Children's Health Study (CHS), which included O3,
PM2.5, and pollen count, as well as measurements of exhaled nitric oxide
in study participants. Two nesting domains with horizontal resolutions of 12
and 4 km were constructed, and six representative allergenic pollen genera
were included: birch tree, walnut tree, mulberry tree, olive tree, oak tree,
and brome grasses. Under the current parameterization scheme, the modeling
framework tends to underestimate walnut and peak oak pollen concentrations,
and tends to overestimate grass pollen concentrations. The model shows
reasonable agreement with observed birch, olive, and mulberry tree pollen
concentrations. Sensitivity studies suggest that the estimation of the pollen
pool is a major source of uncertainty for simulated pollen concentrations.
Achieving agreement between emission modeling and observed pattern of pollen
releases is the key for successful pollen concentration simulations. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|