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Titel |
Methane emission to the atmosphere from landfills in the Canary Islands |
VerfasserIn |
Pedro A. Hernández, María Asensio-Ramos, Fátima Rodriguez, Mar Alonso, Marta García-Merino, Cecilia Amonte, Gladys V. Melián, José Barrancos, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Delgado, Marta Hernández-Abad, Erica Pérez, Monica Alonso, Franco Tassi, Brunella Raco, Nemesio M. Pérez |
Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2017
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Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
en
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Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 19 (2017) |
Datensatznummer |
250150667
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Publikation (Nr.) |
EGU/EGU2017-15150.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
Methane (CH4) is one of the most powerful greenhouse gases, and is increasing in the
atmosphere by 0.6% each year (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2013).
This gas is produced in landfills in large quantities following the anaerobic degradation of
organic matter. The IPCC has estimated that more than 10% of the total anthropogenic
emissions of CH4 are originated in landfills. Even after years of being no operative (closed), a
significant amount of landfill gas could be released to the atmosphere through its surface as
diffuse or fugitive degassing. Many landfills currently report their CH4 emissions to the
atmosphere using model-based methods, which are based on the rate of production of CH4,
the oxidation rate of CH4 and the amount of CH4 recovered (Bingemer and Crutzen,
1987). This approach often involves large uncertainties due to inaccuracies of input
data and many assumptions in the estimation. In fact, the estimated CH4 emissions
from landfills in the Canary Islands published by the Spanish National Emission
and Pollutant Sources Registration (PRTR-Spain) seem to be overestimated due to
the use of protocols and analytical methodologies based on mathematical models.
For this reason, direct measurements to estimate CH4 emissions in landfills are
essential to reduce this uncertainty. In order to estimate the CH4 emissions to the
atmosphere from landfills in the Canary Islands 23 surveys have been performed
since 1999. Each survey implies hundreds of CO2and CH4 efflux measurements
covering the landfill surface area. Surface landfill CO2 efflux measurements were
carried out at each sampling site by means of a portable non-dispersive infrared
spectrophotometer (NDIR) model LICOR Li800 following the accumulation chamber
method. Samples of landfill gases were taken in the gas accumulated in the chamber and CO2
and CH4 were analyzed using a double channel VARIAN 4900 micro-GC. The
CH4 efflux measurent was computed combining CO2 efflux and CH4/CO2 ratio.
To quantify the the diffuse or fugitive CO2 and CH4 emission, gas efflux contour
maps were constructed using sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) as interpolation
method. Considering that (a) there are 5 controlled landfills in the Canary Islands, (b)
the average area of the 23 studied cells is 0.17 km2 and (c) the mean value of the
CH4 emission estimated for the studied cells range between 6.9 and 8.1 kt km−2
y−1, the estimated CH4 emission to the atmosphere from landfills in the Canary
Islands showed a range of 7.0 - 7.8 kt y−1. On the contrary and for the same period
of time, the PRTR-Spain estimates CH4 emission in the order of 10.3 - 14.9 kt
y−1, nearly two times our estimated value. This result demonstrates the need to
perform direct measurements to estimate the surface fugitive emission of CH4 from
landfills.
Bingemer, H. G., and P. J. Crutzen (1987). The production of methane from solid wastes,
J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2182-2187 |
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