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| Titel |
Elemental and carbon isotope composition of total particulate matter in the
urban atmosphere of Krakow, southern Poland: summer-winter contrast |
| VerfasserIn |
Miroslaw Zimnoch, Lucyna Samek, Filip Morawski, Kazimierz Różański, Jakub Bartyzel |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2017
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
en
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 19 (2017) |
| Datensatznummer |
250140731
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2017-4159.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Deterioration of air quality in urban agglomerations is a growing problem of global
significance [1]. This spurs research towards better understanding of parameters controlling
air quality in urban environment (sources of particulate matter and gaseous contaminants,
spatial and temporal variability of air quality, impact of atmospheric dynamics on the air
quality, and several others).
Krakow belongs to four largest cities in Poland. With nearly one million inhabitants,
rapidly growing car traffic and significant industrial activities, Krakow agglomeration
represents a typical urban environment in the eastern Europe. Characteristic features of the
local climate are generally weak winds (annual average around 2.7 m s−1) and frequent
inversions, extending sometimes over several days, particularly during winter seasons, favor
accumulation of pollutants originating from surface emissions in the atmosphere over the
city. Krakow ranks among the most polluted cities in Europe. There is an ongoing
discussion on the role of different sources of total suspended particulate matter
(TSPM) in the city’s atmosphere, such as traffic, low- and high-level emissions
related to burning of coal for heating purposes, resuspension of street dust, and some
others.
The presented work was aimed at exploring possibilities of using carbon isotope
composition of total particulate matter collected in Krakow atmosphere, for better
characterization of TSPM sources in the city, with the focus on seasonal changes of the
character and intensity of those sources. Archived samples of TSPM deposited on filters
(sampling interval between 5 and 20 days) and spanning the period 2005 - 2010 [3] were used
for this purpose. For each year one pair of filters representing summer and winter conditions
was selected. The work comprised also multi-elemental analysis of available TSPM samples
using EDXRF technique.
The measurements of 13C and 14C content in the total elemental carbon collected on
filters revealed large seasonal variability of these two parameters. The mean fossil-fuel
carbon fraction (pFF) derived from AMS radiocarbon analyses was 66.2 and 38.1%, for
winter and summer samples, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation of pFF with
δ13C, suggesting intensified burning of coal as the main source of fossil fuel derived carbon
during winter in the city. Intensified burning of fossil fuels during winter was also reflected in
larger percentage of fossil carbon in gaseous CO2 present in the city atmosphere (ffCO2)
during winter. The linear relationship observed between pFF and ffCO2, when
extrapolated to ffCO2 = 0 suggest that the main source of fossil carbon in TSPM during
summer (extrapolated pFF value of ca. 30%) is related to transport (wearing of car
tires and asphalt). The elemental composition of the analysed TSPM samples also
showed distinct seasonal variability. This concerns mostly Cl, K, Zn, As, Br and
Pb.
References:
[1] WHO’s Urban Ambient Air Pollution database - Update 2016 (www.who.int/phe).
[2] M. Zimnoch, P. Wach, L. Chmura, Z. Gorczyca, K. Rozanski, J. Godlowska, J. Mazur,
K. Kozak, A. Jeričević. Factors controlling temporal variability of near-ground atmospheric
222Rn concentration over central Europe.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14 (2014)
9567-9581. |
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