 |
| Titel |
Hydraulic characterization of a sealed loamy soil in a Mediterranean vineyard |
| VerfasserIn |
Vincenzo Alagna, Simone Di Prima, Vincenzo Bagarello, Fabio Guaitoli, Massimo Iovino, Saskia Keesstra, Artemi Cerdà |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2017
|
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
en
|
| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 19 (2017) |
| Datensatznummer |
250137433
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2017-136.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| Water infiltration measurements constitute a common way for an indirect characterization of
sealed/crusted soils (Alagna et al., 2013). The Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer (BEST)
parameters procedure by Lassabatere et al. (2006) is very attractive for practical use since it
allows an estimation of both the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions.
The BEST method considers certain analytical formulae for the hydraulic characteristic
curves and estimates their shape parameters, which are texture dependent, from particle-size
analysis by physical-empirical pedotransfer functions. Structure dependent scale parameters
are estimated by a beerkan experiment, i.e. a three-dimensional (3D) field infiltration
experiment at ideally zero pressure head. BEST substantially facilitates the hydraulic
characterization of unsaturated soils, and it is gaining popularity in soil science (Bagarello et
al., 2014a; Di Prima, 2015; Di Prima et al., 2016b). Bagarello et al. (2014b) proposed a
beerkan derived procedure to explain surface runoff and disturbance phenomena at
the soil surface occurring during intense rainfall events. Di Prima et al. (2016a)
applied this methodology in a vineyard with a sandy-loam texture. These authors
compared this simple methodology with rainfall simulation experiments establishing a
physical link between the two methodologies through the kinetic energy of the rainfall
and the gravitational potential energy of the water used for the beerkan runs. They
also indirectly demonstrated the occurrence of a certain degree of compaction and
mechanical breakdown using a minidisk infiltrometer (Decagon, 2014). With this
device, they reported a reduction of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity by 2.3
times, due to the seal formation. The ability of the BEST method to distinguish
between crusted and non-crusted soils was demonstrated by Souza et al. (2014).
However, the potential of the beerkan runs to detect the effect of the seal on flow
and BEST estimates is still largely unknown since only a few investigations have
been carried out. In this study, the BEST method was applied to check the impact
of sealing on soil hydraulic conductivity in a Mediterranean vineyard (western
Sicily, Italy) under conventional tillage. An area of approximately 150 m2 was
sampled on three different sampling campaigns covering two growing seasons.
Beerkan infiltration experiments were carried out along the rows direction and in
the inter-row areas. A 55 mm rainfall event that occurred between the first and
second sampling campaigns contributed to form a sealed layer at the soil surface.
The presence of the seal implied that the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks,
was 1.5-1.8 times lower than that measured in the absence of the sealed layer. The
seal layer only affected water infiltration between the rows, suggesting that the
protective role of vegetation along the rows was effective. The tillage practices
carried out in the spring 2016 removed any existing surface sealed layer and thereby
increased soil infiltration properties, suggesting a cycling occurrence of layering
phenomena within the year. In fact, differences between the Ks values measured
between the rows (second against first and third sampling campaigns) were statistically
significant. In this investigation, the sampling strategy implying beerkan tests carried out
along and between the vine-rows was successfully applied. This strategy allowed to
assess the reduction in hydraulic conductivity with extemporaneous measurements
alone. Its main advantage is that it allows a rapid assessment of sealing severity
affecting water infiltration taking advantage of the protective role of the vegetation
along the rows. In conclusion, the hypothesis that the beerkan runs are suitable
enough to detect the effect of the seal on flow and Ks values estimated by BEST was
reasonable. In the future, testing the proposed procedure in conjunction with others field
methodologies for soil hydraulic characterization implying alteration at the soil surface,
such as rainfall simulation experiments or the beerkan derived procedure discussed
above, should contribute to a better understanding of sealing severity affecting water
infiltration on bare soils. Ring insertion for the infiltration run does not seem to
alter the sealed layer but more investigations are required with reference to this
point.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from the Research Project CISV under grant n˚
2014COMM-0363 CUP 872114000570002.
References
Alagna, V., Bagarello, V., Di Prima, S., Giordano, G. and Iovino, M.: A simple field
method to measure the hydrodynamic properties of soil surface crust, Journal of Agricultural
Engineering, 44(25), 74–79, doi:10.4081/jae.2013.(s1):e14, 2013.
Bagarello, V., Di Prima, S., Giordano, G. and Iovino, M.: A test of the Beerkan
Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) procedure, Geoderma, 221–222, 20–27,
doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.01.017, 2014a.
Bagarello, V., Castellini, M., Di Prima, S. and Iovino, M.: Soil hydraulic properties
determined by infiltration experiments and different heights of water pouring, Geoderma,
213, 492–501, doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.032, 2014b.
Decagon: Minidisk Infiltrometer User’s Manual, Decagon Devices, Inc., Pullman, USA,
24, 2014.
Di Prima, S.: Automated single ring infiltrometer with a low-cost microcontroller circuit,
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 118, 390–395, doi:10.1016/j.compag.2015.09.022,
2015.
Di Prima, S., Bagarello, V., Angulo-Jaramillo, R., Bautista, I., Burguet, M., Cerdà, A.,
Iovino, M., Lassabatère, L. and Prosdocimi, M.: Comparing Beerkan infiltration tests with
rainfall simulation experiments for hydraulic characterization of a sandy-loam soil, Submitted
to Hydrological Processes, 2016a.
Di Prima, S., Lassabatere, L., Bagarello, V., Iovino, M. and Angulo-Jaramillo, R.: Testing
a new automated single ring infiltrometer for Beerkan infiltration experiments, Geoderma,
262, 20–34, doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.006, 2016b.
Lassabatere, L., Angulo-Jaramillo, R., Soria Ugalde, J. M., Cuenca, R., Braud,
I. and Haverkamp, R.: Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer Parameters through
Infiltration Experiments—BEST, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(2), 521,
doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0026, 2006.
Souza, E. S., Antonino, A. C. D., Heck, R. J., Montenegro, S. M. G. L., Lima, J. R. S.,
Sampaio, E. V. S. B., Angulo-Jaramillo, R. and Vauclin, M.: Effect of crusting on the physical
and hydraulic properties of a soil cropped with Castor beans (Ricinus communis
L.) in the northeastern region of Brazil, Soil and Tillage Research, 141, 55–61,
doi:10.1016/j.still.2014.04.004, 2014. |
|
|
|
|
|
|