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| Titel |
Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment, classification, and management |
| VerfasserIn |
P. K. Weiskel, D. M. Wolock, P. J. Zarriello, R. M. Vogel, S. B. Levin, R. M. Lent |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 18, no. 10 ; Nr. 18, no. 10 (2014-10-01), S.3855-3872 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120484
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-18-3855-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate
for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic
understanding of drylands – the dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regions
which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response,
we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and
dryland regions, accounting fully for both vertical (precipitation + evapotranspiration)
and horizontal (groundwater + surface-water)
components of the hydrologic cycle in any given location – as well as fluxes
into and out of landscape storage. We apply the framework to a diverse
hydroclimatic region (the conterminous USA) using a distributed
water-balance model consisting of 53 400 networked landscape hydrologic
units. Our model simulations indicate that about 21% of the conterminous
USA either generated no runoff or consumed runoff from upgradient sources on
a mean-annual basis during the 20th century. Vertical fluxes exceeded
horizontal fluxes across 76% of the conterminous area. Long-term-average
total water availability (TWA) during the 20th century, defined here as the
total influx to a landscape hydrologic unit from precipitation, groundwater,
and surface water, varied spatially by about 400 000-fold, a range of
variation ~100 times larger than that for mean-annual runoff
across the same area. The framework includes but is not limited to
classical, runoff-based approaches to water-resource assessment. It also
incorporates and reinterprets the green- and blue-water perspective now gaining
international acceptance. Implications of the new framework for several
areas of contemporary hydrology are explored, and the data requirements of
the approach are discussed in relation to the increasing availability of
gridded global climate, land-surface, and hydrologic data sets. |
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