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| Titel |
Water footprints of cities – indicators for sustainable consumption and production |
| VerfasserIn |
H. Hoff, P. Döll, M. Fader, D. Gerten, S. Hauser, S. Siebert |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 18, no. 1 ; Nr. 18, no. 1 (2014-01-16), S.213-226 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120253
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-18-213-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Water footprints have been proposed as sustainability indicators, relating
the consumption of goods like food to the amount of water necessary for
their production and the impacts of that water use in the source regions. We
further developed the existing water footprint methodology, by globally
resolving virtual water flows from production to consumption regions for
major food crops at 5 arcmin spatial resolution. We distinguished
domestic and international flows, and assessed local impacts of export
production. Applying this method to three exemplary cities, Berlin, Delhi
and Lagos, we find major differences in amounts, composition, and origin of
green and blue virtual water imports, due to differences in diets, trade
integration and crop water productivities in the source regions. While
almost all of Delhi's and Lagos' virtual water imports are of domestic
origin, Berlin on average imports from more than 4000 km distance, in
particular soy (livestock feed), coffee and cocoa. While 42% of Delhi's
virtual water imports are blue water based, the fractions for Berlin and
Lagos are 2 and 0.5%, respectively, roughly equal to the water
volumes abstracted in these two cities for domestic water use. Some of the
external source regions of Berlin's virtual water imports appear to be
critically water scarce and/or food insecure. However, for deriving
recommendations on sustainable consumption and trade, further analysis of
context-specific costs and benefits associated with export production will
be required. |
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