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| Titel |
Characterization of PM10 sources in the central Mediterranean |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Calzolai, S. Nava, F. Lucarelli, M. Chiari, M. Giannoni, S. Becagli, R. Traversi, M. Marconi, D. Frosini, M. Severi, R. Udisti, A. Sarra, G. Pace, D. Meloni, C. Bommarito, F. Monteleone, F. Anello, D. M. Sferlazzo |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 24 ; Nr. 15, no. 24 (2015-12-17), S.13939-13955 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120232
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-13939-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
The Mediterranean Basin atmosphere is influenced by both strong natural and
anthropogenic aerosol emissions and is also subject to important climatic
forcings. Several programs have addressed the study of the Mediterranean
basin; nevertheless important pieces of information are still missing. In
this framework, PM10 samples were collected on a daily basis on the
island of Lampedusa (35.5° N, 12.6° E; 45 m a.s.l.),
which is far from continental pollution sources (the nearest coast, in
Tunisia, is more than 100 km away). After mass gravimetric measurements,
different portions of the samples were analyzed to determine the ionic
content by ion chromatography (IC), the soluble metals by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and the total
(soluble + insoluble) elemental composition by particle-induced x-ray
emission (PIXE). Data from 2007 and 2008 are used in this study.
The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to the 2-year long
data set of PM10 mass concentration and chemical composition to assess
the aerosol sources affecting the central Mediterranean basin. Seven sources
were resolved: sea salt, mineral dust, biogenic emissions, primary
particulate ship emissions, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and
combustion emissions. Source contributions to the total PM10 mass were
estimated to be about 40 % for sea salt, around 25 % for mineral dust,
10 % each for secondary nitrate and secondary sulfate, and 5 % each for
primary particulate ship emissions, biogenic emissions, and combustion
emissions. Large variations in absolute and relative contributions are found
and appear to depend on the season and on transport episodes. In addition,
the secondary sulfate due to ship emissions was estimated and found to
contribute by about one-third to the total sulfate mass. Results for the
sea-salt and mineral dust sources were compared with estimates of the same
contributions obtained from independent approaches, leading to an estimate
of the water content bound to the sea salt in the marine source. |
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