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| Titel |
Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China: historical trend, spatial distribution, uncertainties, and control policies |
| VerfasserIn |
H. Z. Tian, C. Y. Zhu, J. J. Gao, K. Cheng, J. M. Hao, K. Wang, S. B. Hua, Y. Wang, J. R. Zhou |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 17 ; Nr. 15, no. 17 (2015-09-09), S.10127-10147 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120027
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-10127-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of typical toxic heavy
metals have caused worldwide concern due to their adverse effects on
human health and the ecosystem. By determining the best available
representation of time-varying emission factors with S-shape curves, we
establish the multiyear comprehensive atmospheric emission inventories of 12
typical toxic heavy metals (Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Mn, Co, Cu, and
Zn) from primary anthropogenic activities in China for the period of
1949–2012 for the first time. Further, we allocate the annual emissions of
these heavy metals in 2010 at a high spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° grid with ArcGIS methodology and surrogate
indexes, such as regional population and gross domestic product (GDP). Our
results show that the historical emissions of Hg, As, Se, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb,
Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn, during the period of 1949–2012, increased by
about 22–128 times at an annual average growth rate of 5.1–8.0 %,
reaching about 526.9–22 319.6 t in 2012. Nonferrous metal smelting, coal
combustion of industrial boilers, brake and tyre wear, and ferrous metal
smelting represent the dominant sources of heavy metal emissions. In terms of spatial variation, the
majority of emissions are concentrated in relatively developed regions,
especially for the northern, eastern, and southern coastal regions. In
addition, because of the flourishing nonferrous metal smelting industry,
several southwestern and central-southern provinces play a prominent role in
some specific toxic heavy metals emissions, like Hg in Guizhou and As in
Yunnan. Finally, integrated countermeasures are proposed to minimize the
final toxic heavy metals discharge on account of the current and future
demand of energy-saving and pollution reduction in China. |
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