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| Titel |
Arctic microbial and next-generation sequencing approach for bacteria in snow and frost flowers: selected identification, abundance and freezing nucleation |
| VerfasserIn |
R. Mortazavi, S. Attiya, P. A. Ariya |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 11 ; Nr. 15, no. 11 (2015-06-05), S.6183-6204 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119792
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-6183-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| During the spring of 2009, as part of the Ocean–Atmosphere–Sea
Ice–Snowpack (OASIS) campaign in Barrow, Alaska, USA, we examined the
identity, population diversity, freezing nucleation ability of the microbial
communities of five different snow types and frost flowers. In addition to
the culturing and gene-sequence-based identification approach, we utilized a
state-of-the-art genomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique to
examine the diversity of bacterial communities in Arctic samples. Known phyla
or candidate divisions were detected (11–18) with the majority of sequences
(12.3–83.1%) belonging to one of the five major phyla: Proteobacteria,
Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria. The number of
genera detected ranged from, 101–245. The highest number of cultivable
bacteria was observed in frost flowers (FFs) and accumulated snow (AS) with
325 ± 35 and 314 ± 142 CFU m L−1, respectively; and for
cultivable fungi 5 ± 1 CFU m L−1 in windpack (WP) and blowing
snow (BS). Morphology/elemental composition and ice-nucleating abilities of
the identified taxa were obtained using high resolution electron microscopy
with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ice nucleation cold-plate,
respectively. Freezing point temperatures for bacterial isolates ranged from
−20.3 ± 1.5 to −15.7 ± 5.6 °C, and for melted snow
samples from −9.5 ± 1.0 to −18.4 ± 0.1 °C. An isolate belonging
to the genus Bacillus (96% similarity) had ice nucleation
activity of −6.8 ± 0.2 °C. Comparison with Montreal urban snow,
revealed that a seemingly diverse community of bacteria exists in the Arctic
with some taxa possibly originating from distinct ecological environments. We
discuss the potential impact of snow microorganisms in the freezing and
melting process of the snowpack in the Arctic. |
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