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| Titel |
Chemical and stable carbon isotopic composition of PM2.5 from on-road vehicle emissions in the PRD region and implications for vehicle emission control policy |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Dai, X. Bi, L. Y. Chan, J. He, B. Wang, X. Wang, P. Peng, G. Sheng, J. Fu |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 6 ; Nr. 15, no. 6 (2015-03-18), S.3097-3108 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119560
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-3097-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Vehicle emissions are a major source of urban air pollution. In recent decade,
the Chinese government has introduced a range of policies to reduce
vehicle emissions. In order to understand the chemical characteristics of
PM2.5 from on-road vehicle emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD)
region and to evaluate the effectiveness of control policies on vehicle
emissions, the emission factors of PM2.5 mass, elemental carbon (EC),
organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble
inorganic ions (WSII), metal elements, organic compounds and stable carbon
isotopic composition were measured in the Zhujiang tunnel of Guangzhou, in
the PRD region of China in 2013. Emission factors of PM2.5 mass, OC,
EC and WSOC were 92.4, 16.7, 16.4 and 1.31 mg vehicle−1 km−1
respectively. Emission factors of WSII were 0.016 (F-) ~ 4.17 (Cl−) mg vehicle−1 km−1,
contributing about 9.8% to the PM2.5 emissions. The sum of 27 measured metal
elements accounted for 15.2% of PM2.5 emissions. Fe was the most
abundant metal element, with an emission factor of 3.91 mg vehicle−1 km−1. Emission factors of organic compounds including n-alkanes, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons,
hopanes and steranes were 91.9, 5.02, 32.0 and 7.59 μg vehicle−1 km−1, respectively.
Stable carbon isotopic composition δ13C value was −25.0‰ on
average. An isotopic fractionation of 3.2‰ was found
during fuel combustion. Compared to a previous study in Zhujiang tunnel in
2004, emission factors of PM2.5mass, EC, OC, WSII except
Cl- and organic compounds decreased by 16.0 ~ 93.4%, which could be
attributed to emission control policy from 2004 to 2013. However, emission
factors of most of the metal elements increased significantly, which could
be partially attributed to the changes in motor oil additives and vehicle
conditions. There are no mandatory national standards to limit metal content
from vehicle emissions, which should be a concern of the government. A
snapshot of the 2013 characteristic emissions of PM2.5 and its
constituents from the on-road vehicular fleet in the PRD region retrieved from
our study would be helpful for the assessment of past and future
implementations of vehicle emission control policy. |
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