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| Titel |
Modelling street level PM10 concentrations across Europe: source apportionment and possible futures |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Kiesewetter, J. Borken-Kleefeld, W. Schöpp, C. Heyes, P. Thunis, B. Bessagnet, E. Terrenoire, H. Fagerli, A. Nyiri, M. Amann |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 3 ; Nr. 15, no. 3 (2015-02-13), S.1539-1553 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119407
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-1539-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Despite increasing emission controls, particulate matter (PM) has
remained a critical issue for European air quality in recent
years. The various sources of PM, both from primary particulate
emissions as well as secondary formation from precursor gases, make
this a complex problem to tackle. In order to allow for credible
predictions of future concentrations under policy assumptions,
a modelling approach is needed that considers all chemical processes
and spatial dimensions involved, from long-range transport of
pollution to local emissions in street canyons. Here we describe
a modelling scheme which has been implemented in the GAINS integrated
assessment model to assess compliance with PM10 (PM with
aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) limit values at individual
air quality monitoring stations reporting to the AirBase database. The
modelling approach relies on a combination of bottom up modelling of
emissions, simplified atmospheric chemistry and dispersion
calculations, and a traffic increment calculation wherever
applicable. At each monitoring station fulfilling a few data coverage
criteria, measured concentrations in the base year 2009 are explained
to the extent possible and then modelled for the past and future. More
than 1850 monitoring stations are covered, including more than 300
traffic stations and 80% of the stations which exceeded the EU
air quality limit values in 2009. As a validation, we compare modelled
trends in the period 2000–2008 to observations, which are well
reproduced. The modelling scheme is applied here to quantify
explicitly source contributions to ambient concentrations at several
critical monitoring stations, displaying the differences in spatial
origin and chemical composition of urban roadside PM10
across Europe. Furthermore, we analyse the predicted evolution of
PM10 concentrations in the European Union until 2030 under
different policy scenarios. Significant improvements in ambient
PM10 concentrations are expected assuming successful
implementation of already agreed legislation; however, these will not
be large enough to ensure attainment of PM10 limit values in
hot spot locations such as Southern Poland and major European
cities. Remaining issues are largely eliminated in a scenario applying
the best available emission control technologies to the maximal
technically feasible extent. |
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