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| Titel |
Observed characteristics of dust storm events over the western United States using meteorological, satellite, and air quality measurements |
| VerfasserIn |
H. Lei, J. X. L. Wang |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 15 ; Nr. 14, no. 15 (2014-08-07), S.7847-7857 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118927
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-7847-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
To improve dust storm identification over the western
United States, historical dust events measured by air quality and satellite
observations are analyzed based on their characteristics in data sets of
regular meteorology, satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD), and air
quality measurements. Based on the prevailing weather conditions associated
with dust emission, dust storm events are classified into the following four
typical types:
(1) The key feature of cold front-induced dust storms is
their rapid process with strong dust emissions.
(2) Events caused by
meso- to small-scale weather systems have the highest levels of emissions.
(3) Dust storms caused by tropical disturbances show a stronger air
concentration of dust and last longer than those in (1) and (2).
(4) Dust storms triggered by cyclogenesis last the longest.
In this paper, sample
events of each type are selected and examined to explore characteristics
observed from in situ and remote-sensing measurements. These characteristics
include the lasting period, surface wind speeds, areas affected, average
loading on ground-based optical and/or air quality measurements, peak
loading on ground-based optical and/or air quality measurements, and loading
on satellite-based aerosol optical depth. Based on these analyses, we
compare the characteristics of the same dust events captured in different
data sets in order to define the dust identification criteria. The analyses
show that the variability in mass concentrations captured by in situ
measurements is consistent with the variability in AOD from stationary and
satellite observations. Our analyses also find that different data sets are
capable of identifying certain common characteristics, while each data set
also provides specific information about a dust storm event. For example,
the meteorological data are good at identifying the lasting period and area impacted by a dust event; the ground-based air quality and optical
measurements can capture the peak strength well; aerosol optical depth (AOD)
from satellite data sets allows us to better identify dust-storm-affected
areas and the spatial extent of dust. The current study also indicates that
the combination of in situ and satellite observations is a better method to
fill gaps in dust storm recordings. |
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