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| Titel |
Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Vali |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 11 ; Nr. 14, no. 11 (2014-06-02), S.5271-5294 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118759
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-5271-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Publications of recent years dealing with laboratory experiments of immersion
freezing reveal uncertainties about the fundamentals of heterogeneous
freezing nucleation. While it appears well accepted that there are two major
factors that determine the process, namely fluctuations in the size and
configuration of incipient embryos of the solid phase and the role of the
substrate to aid embryo formation, views have been evolving about the
relative importance of these two elements. The importance of specific surface
sites is being established in a growing number of experiments and a number of
approaches have been proposed to incorporate these results into model
descriptions. Many of these models share a common conceptual basis yet
diverge in the way random and deterministic factors are combined. The
divergence can be traced to uncertainty about the permanence of nucleating
sites, to the lack of detailed knowledge about what surface features
constitute nucleating sites, and to the consequent need to rely on empirical
or parametric formulas to define the population of sites of different
effectiveness. Recent experiments and models, consistent with earlier work,
demonstrate the existence and primary role of permanent nucleating sites and
the continued need for empirically based formulations of heterogeneous
freezing. In order to clarify some aspects of the processes controlling
immersion freezing, the paper focuses on three identifiably separate but
interrelated issues: (i) the combination of singular and stochastic factors,
(ii) the role of specific surface sites, and (iii) the modeling of
heterogeneous ice nucleation. |
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