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| Titel |
Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Friedrich, F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, H. W. Bange, N. Boltacheva, M. N. Cagatay, A. W. Dale, G. Etiope, Z. Erdem, M. Geraga, A. Gilli, M. T. Gomoiu, P. O. J. Hall, D. Hansson, Y. He, M. Holtappels, M. K. Kirf, M. Kononets, S. Konovalov, A. Lichtschlag, D. M. Livingstone, G. Marinaro, S. Mazlumyan, S. Naeher, R. P. North, G. Papatheodorou, O. Pfannkuche, R. Prien, G. Rehder, C. J. Schubert, T. Soltwedel, S. Sommer, H. Stahl, E. V. Stanev, A. Teaca, A. Tengberg, C. Waldmann, B. Wehrli, F. Wenzhöfer |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 11, no. 4 ; Nr. 11, no. 4 (2014-02-27), S.1215-1259 |
| Datensatznummer |
250117251
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-11-1215-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
In this paper we provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion
(hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7
project HYPOX ("In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic
ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked water bodies",
http://www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems
due to eutrophication and climate change, HYPOX was set up to improve
capacities to monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and
consequences.
Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were analyzed in field
studies in various aquatic environments, including the Baltic Sea, the Black
Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments,
and Swiss lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of
hypoxia, as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation in
stratified systems, are discussed. Geologically driven hypoxia caused by gas
seepage is demonstrated. Using novel technologies, temporal and spatial
patterns of water-column oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to
meter-scale sub-micromolar oxygen distributions, were resolved. Existing
multidecadal monitoring data were used to demonstrate the imprint of climate
change and eutrophication on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and
inorganic proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen
conditions to centennial and even longer timescales that cannot be resolved
by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on faunal communities and
biogeochemical processes were also addressed in the project. An
investigation of benthic fauna is presented as an example of
hypoxia-devastated benthic communities that slowly recover upon a reduction
in eutrophication in a system where naturally occurring hypoxia overlaps
with anthropogenic hypoxia. Biogeochemical investigations reveal that oxygen
intrusions have a strong effect on the microbially mediated redox cycling of
elements. Observations and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the
effect of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization
pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are crucial in hypoxia
research. Technical issues are therefore also addressed, including the
availability of suitable sensor technology to resolve the gradual changes in
bottom-water oxygen in marine systems that can be expected as a result of
climate change. Using cabled observatories as examples, we show how the
benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can be maximized by adopting proper
quality control. Finally, we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data
archiving and dissemination in compliance with global standards, and how
ocean observations can contribute to global earth observation attempts. |
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