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| Titel |
Observations of a stratospheric aerosol veil from a tropical volcanic eruption in December 1808: is this the Unknown ∼1809 eruption? |
| VerfasserIn |
A. Guevara-Murua, C. A. Williams, E. J. Hendy, A. C. Rust, K. V. Cashman |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1814-9324
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Climate of the Past ; 10, no. 5 ; Nr. 10, no. 5 (2014-09-16), S.1707-1722 |
| Datensatznummer |
250117050
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/cp-10-1707-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The Unknown eruption of 1808/1809 was the second most explosive
SO2-rich volcanic eruption in the last two centuries, eclipsed only by
the cataclysmic VEI 7 Tambora eruption in April 1815. However, no eyewitness
accounts of the event, and therefore its location, or the atmospheric optical
effects associated with its aerosols have been documented from historical
records. Here we report on two meteorological observations dating from the
end of 1808 that describe phenomena we attribute to volcanic-induced
atmospheric effects caused by the Unknown eruption. The observations were
made by two highly respected Latin American scientists. The first, Francisco
José de Caldas, describes a stratospheric aerosol haze, a "transparent
cloud that obstructs the sun's brilliance", that was visible over the city
of Bogotá, Colombia, from 11 December 1808 to at least mid-February 1809.
The second, made by physician José Hipólito Unanue in Lima, Peru,
describes sunset after-glows (akin to well-documented examples known to be
caused by stratospheric volcanic aerosols) from mid-December 1808 to February
1809. These two accounts provide direct evidence of a persistent
stratospheric aerosol veil that spanned at least 2600 km into both
Northern and Southern Hemispheres and establish that the source was a
tropical volcano. Moreover, these observations confirm that the Unknown
eruption, previously identified and tentatively assigned to February 1809
(±4 months) from analysis of ice core sulfate records, occurred in late
November or early December 1808 (4 December 1808 ±7 days). This date has
important implications for the associated hemispheric climate impacts and
temporal pattern of aerosol dispersal. |
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