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| Titel |
Evaluating the dominant components of warming in Pliocene climate simulations |
| VerfasserIn |
D. J. Hill, A. M. Haywood, D. J. Lunt, S. J. Hunter, F. J. Bragg, C. Contoux, C. Stepanek, L. Sohl, N. A. Rosenbloom, W.-L. Chan, Y. Kamae, Z. Zhang, A. Abe-Ouchi, M. A. Chandler, A. Jost, G. Lohmann, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, G. Ramstein, H. Ueda |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1814-9324
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Climate of the Past ; 10, no. 1 ; Nr. 10, no. 1 (2014-01-15), S.79-90 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116896
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/cp-10-79-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is the first coordinated climate
model comparison for a warmer palaeoclimate with atmospheric CO2
significantly higher than pre-industrial concentrations. The simulations of
the mid-Pliocene warm period show global warming of between 1.8 and
3.6 °C above pre-industrial surface air temperatures, with
significant polar amplification. Here we perform energy balance calculations
on all eight of the coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations within PlioMIP
Experiment 2 to evaluate the causes of the increased temperatures and
differences between the models. In the tropics simulated warming is
dominated by greenhouse gas increases, with the cloud component of planetary
albedo enhancing the warming in most of the models, but by widely varying
amounts. The responses to mid-Pliocene climate forcing in the Northern
Hemisphere midlatitudes are substantially different between the climate
models, with the only consistent response being a warming due to increased
greenhouse gases. In the high latitudes all the energy balance components
become important, but the dominant warming influence comes from the clear
sky albedo, only partially offset by the increases in the cooling impact of
cloud albedo. This demonstrates the importance of specified ice sheet and
high latitude vegetation boundary conditions and simulated sea ice and snow
albedo feedbacks. The largest components in the overall uncertainty are
associated with clouds in the tropics and polar clear sky albedo,
particularly in sea ice regions. These simulations show that albedo
feedbacks, particularly those of sea ice and ice sheets, provide the most
significant enhancements to high latitude warming in the Pliocene. |
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