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| Titel |
Determining air pollutant emission rates based on mass balance using airborne measurement data over the Alberta oil sands operations |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Gordon, S.-M. Li, R. Staebler, A. Darlington, K. Hayden, J. O'Brien, M. Wolde |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1867-1381
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ; 8, no. 9 ; Nr. 8, no. 9 (2015-09-16), S.3745-3765 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116577
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/amt-8-3745-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Top-down approaches to measure total integrated emissions provide
verification of bottom-up, temporally resolved, inventory-based estimations.
Aircraft-based measurements of air pollutants from sources in the Canadian
oil sands were made in support of the Joint Canada–Alberta Implementation
Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring during a summer intensive field campaign
between 13 August and 7 September 2013. The measurements contribute to
knowledge needed in support of the Joint Canada–Alberta Implementation Plan
for Oil Sands Monitoring. This paper describes the top-down emission rate
retrieval algorithm (TERRA) to determine facility emissions of pollutants,
using SO2 and CH4 as examples, based on the aircraft measurements.
In this algorithm, the flight path around a facility at multiple heights is
mapped to a two-dimensional vertical screen surrounding the facility. The
total transport of SO2 and CH4 through this screen is calculated
using aircraft wind measurements, and facility emissions are then calculated
based on the divergence theorem with estimations of box-top losses,
horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes, surface deposition, and apparent
losses due to air densification and chemical reaction. Example calculations
for two separate flights are presented. During an upset condition of
SO2 emissions on one day, these calculations are within 5 % of the
industry-reported, bottom-up measurements. During a return to normal
operating conditions, the SO2 emissions are within 11 % of
industry-reported, bottom-up measurements. CH4 emissions calculated
with the algorithm are relatively constant within the range of
uncertainties. Uncertainty of the emission rates is estimated as less than
30 %, which is primarily due to the unknown SO2 and CH4 mixing
ratios near the surface below the lowest flight level. |
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