 |
| Titel |
Plume-based analysis of vehicle fleet air pollutant emissions and the contribution from high emitters |
| VerfasserIn |
J. M. Wang, C.-H. Jeong, N. Zimmerman, R. M. Healy, D. K. Wang, F. Ke, G. J. Evans |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1867-1381
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ; 8, no. 8 ; Nr. 8, no. 8 (2015-08-13), S.3263-3275 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116529
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/amt-8-3263-2015.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| An automated identification and integration method has
been developed for in-use vehicle emissions under real-world conditions.
This technique was applied to high-time-resolution air pollutant
measurements of in-use vehicle emissions performed under real-world
conditions at a near-road monitoring station in Toronto, Canada, during four
seasons, through month-long campaigns in 2013–2014. Based on carbon dioxide
measurements, over 100 000 vehicle-related plumes were automatically
identified and fuel-based emission factors for nitrogen oxides; carbon
monoxide; particle number;
black carbon; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and
xylenes (BTEX); and methanol were determined for each plume. Thus the
automated identification enabled the measurement of an unprecedented number
of plumes and pollutants over an extended duration. Emission factors for
volatile organic compounds were also measured roadside for the first time
using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer; this
instrument provided the time resolution required for the plume capture
technique. Mean emission factors were characteristic of the light-duty
gasoline-dominated vehicle fleet present at the measurement site, with mean
black carbon and particle number emission factors of 35 mg kg fuel−1
and 7.5 × 1014 # kg fuel−1, respectively. The use of the
plume-by-plume analysis enabled isolation of vehicle emissions, and the
elucidation of co-emitted pollutants from similar vehicle types, variability
of emissions across the fleet, and the relative contribution from heavy
emitters. It was found that a small proportion of the fleet (< 25 %) contributed significantly to total fleet emissions: 100,
100, 81, and 77 % for black carbon, carbon monoxide, BTEX, and
particle number, respectively. Emission factors of a single pollutant may
help classify a vehicle as a high emitter; however, regulatory strategies to
more efficiently target multi-pollutant mixtures may be better developed by
considering the co-emitted pollutants as well. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|