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| Titel |
The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts |
| VerfasserIn |
K. R. Barnhart, I. Overeem, R. S. Anderson |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1994-0416
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: The Cryosphere ; 8, no. 5 ; Nr. 8, no. 5 (2014-09-26), S.1777-1799 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116319
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/tc-8-1777-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Sea ice limits the interaction of the land and ocean water
in the Arctic winter and influences this interaction in the summer
by governing the fetch. In many parts of the Arctic, the open-water
season is increasing in duration and summertime sea-ice extents
are decreasing. Sea ice provides a first-order control on the
physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts to erosion, inundation, and damage to
settlements and infrastructures by ocean water. We ask how the changing sea-ice
cover has influenced coastal erosion over the satellite
record. First, we present a pan-Arctic analysis of satellite-based
sea-ice concentration specifically along the Arctic coasts. The
median length of the 2012 open-water season, in comparison to 1979,
expanded by between 1.5 and 3-fold by Arctic Sea sector, which allows
for open water during the stormy Arctic fall. Second, we present
a case study of Drew Point, Alaska, a site on the Beaufort Sea,
characterized by ice-rich permafrost and rapid coastal-erosion rates,
where both the duration of the open-water season and distance to
the sea-ice edge, particularly towards the northwest, have
increased. At Drew Point, winds from the northwest result in
increased water levels at the coast and control the process of
submarine notch incision, the rate-limiting step of coastal
retreat. When open-water conditions exist, the distance to the sea
ice edge exerts control on the water level and wave field through
its control on fetch. We find that the extreme values of water-level
setup have increased consistently with increasing fetch. |
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