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| Titel |
Twelve-month, 12 km resolution North American WRF-Chem v3.4 air quality simulation: performance evaluation |
| VerfasserIn |
C. W. Tessum, J. D. Hill, J. D. Marshall |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 8, no. 4 ; Nr. 8, no. 4 (2015-04-07), S.957-973 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116273
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-8-957-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| We present results from and evaluate the performance of
a 12-month,
12 km horizontal resolution year 2005 air pollution simulation for the
contiguous United States using the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and
Forecasting with Chemistry) meteorology and chemical transport model
(CTM). We employ the 2005 US National Emissions Inventory, the
Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM), and the Modal
Aerosol Dynamics Model for Europe (MADE) with a volatility basis set
(VBS) secondary aerosol module. Overall, model performance is
comparable to contemporary modeling efforts used for regulatory and
health-effects analysis, with an annual average daytime ozone
(O3) mean fractional bias (MFB) of 12% and an annual
average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) MFB of
−1%. WRF-Chem, as configured here, tends to overpredict
total PM2.5 at some high concentration locations and
generally overpredicts average 24 h O3 concentrations.
Performance is better at predicting daytime-average and daily peak
O3 concentrations, which are more relevant for regulatory
and health effects analyses relative to annual average values.
Predictive performance for
PM2.5 subspecies is mixed: the model overpredicts
particulate sulfate (MFB = 36%), underpredicts particulate
nitrate (MFB = −110%) and organic carbon
(MFB = −29%), and relatively accurately predicts
particulate ammonium (MFB = 3%) and elemental carbon
(MFB = 3%), so that the accuracy in total PM2.5
predictions is to some extent a function of offsetting over- and
underpredictions of PM2.5 subspecies. Model predictive
performance for PM2.5 and its subspecies is in general
worse in winter and in the western US than in other seasons and
regions, suggesting spatial and temporal opportunities for future
WRF-Chem model development and evaluation. |
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