 |
| Titel |
Air quality forecasts on a kilometer-scale grid over complex Spanish terrains |
| VerfasserIn |
M. T. Pay, F. Martinez, M. Guevara, J. M. Baldasano |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1991-959X
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 7, no. 5 ; Nr. 7, no. 5 (2014-09-08), S.1979-1999 |
| Datensatznummer |
250115716
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-7-1979-2014.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| The CALIOPE Air Quality Forecast System (CALIOPE-AQFS) represents the current
state of the art in air quality forecasting systems of high-resolution
running on high-performance computing platforms. It provides a 48 h forecast
of NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, and C6H6
at a 4 km horizontal resolution over all of Spain, and at a 1 km horizontal
resolution over the most populated areas in Spain with complex terrains (the
Barcelona (BCN), Madrid (MAD) and Andalusia (AND) domains). Increased
horizontal resolution from 4 to 1 km over the aforementioned domains leads
to finer textures and more realistic concentration maps, which is justified
by the increase in NO2/O3 spatial correlation coefficients
from 0.79/0.69 (4 km) to 0.81/0.73 (1 km). High-resolution emissions
using the bottom-up HERMESv2.0 model are essential for improving model
performance when increasing resolution on an urban scale, but it is still
insufficient. Decreasing grid spacing does not reveal the expected
improvement in hourly statistics, i.e., decreasing NO2 bias by only
~ 2 μg m−3 and increasing O3 bias by
~ 1 μg m−3. The grid effect is less pronounced for
PM10, because part of its mass consists of secondary aerosols, which are
less affected than the locally emitted primary components by a decreasing
grid size. The resolution increase has the highest impact over Barcelona,
where air flow is controlled mainly by mesoscale phenomena and a lower
planetary boundary layer (PBL). Despite the merits and potential uses of the
1-km simulation, the limitations of current model formulations do not allow
confirmation of their expected superiority close to highly urbanized areas
and large emissions sources. Future work should combine high grid resolutions
with techniques that decrease subgrid variability (e.g., stochastic field
methods), and also include models that consider urban morphology and thermal
parameters. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|