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| Titel |
Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities |
| VerfasserIn |
L. Järvi, C. S. B. Grimmond, M. Taka, A. Nordbo, H. Setälä, I. B. Strachan |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 7, no. 4 ; Nr. 7, no. 4 (2014-08-15), S.1691-1711 |
| Datensatznummer |
250115679
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-7-1691-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) is developed to
include snow. The processes addressed include accumulation of snow on the
different urban surface types: snow albedo and density aging, snow melting
and re-freezing of meltwater. Individual model parameters are assessed and
independently evaluated using long-term observations in the two cold climate
cities of Helsinki and Montreal. Eddy covariance sensible and latent heat
fluxes and snow depth observations are available for two sites in Montreal
and one in Helsinki. Surface runoff from two catchments (24 and 45 ha) in
Helsinki and snow properties (albedo and density) from two sites in Montreal
are also analysed. As multiple observation sites with different land-cover
characteristics are available in both cities, model development is conducted
independent of evaluation.
The developed model simulates snowmelt related runoff well (within 19%
and 3% for the two catchments in Helsinki when there is snow on the
ground), with the springtime peak estimated correctly. However, the observed
runoff peaks tend to be smoother than the simulated ones, likely due to the
water holding capacity of the catchments and the missing time lag between
the catchment and the observation point in the model. For all three sites
the model simulates the timing of the snow accumulation and melt events
well, but underestimates the total snow depth by 18–20% in Helsinki and
29–33% in Montreal. The model is able to reproduce the diurnal pattern of
net radiation and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat during cold
snow, melting snow and snow-free periods. The largest model uncertainties are
related to the timing of the melting period and the parameterization of the
snowmelt. The results show that the enhanced model can simulate correctly
the exchange of energy and water in cold climate cities at sites with
varying surface cover. |
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