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| Titel |
Mobile measurements of ship emissions in two harbour areas in Finland |
| VerfasserIn |
L. Pirjola, A. Pajunoja, J. Walden, J.-P. Jalkanen, T. Rönkkö, A. Kousa, T. Koskentalo |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1867-1381
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ; 7, no. 1 ; Nr. 7, no. 1 (2014-01-21), S.149-161 |
| Datensatznummer |
250115563
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/amt-7-149-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Four measurement campaigns were performed in two
different environments – inside the harbour areas in the city centre of
Helsinki, and along the narrow shipping channel near the city of Turku,
Finland – using a mobile laboratory van during winter and summer conditions in 2010–2011. The
characteristics of gaseous (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2,
NOx) and particulate (number and volume size distributions as
well as PM2.5) emissions for 11 ships regularly operating on the Baltic
Sea were studied to determine the emission parameters. The highest particle
concentrations were 1.5 × 106 and 1.6 × 105 cm−3 in
Helsinki and Turku, respectively, and the particle number size distributions
had two modes. The dominating mode peaked at 20–30 nm, and the
accumulation mode at 80–100 nm. The majority of the particle mass was
volatile, since after heating the sample to 265 °C, the particle
volume of the studied ship decreased by around 70%. The emission factors
for NOx varied in the range of 25–100 g (kg fuel)−1, for
SO2 in the range of 2.5–17.0 g (kg fuel)−1, for particle number in the range of
(0.32–2.26) × 1016 # (kg fuel)−1, and for
PM2.5 between 1.0–4.9 g (kg fuel)−1. The ships equipped with
SCR (selective catalytic reduction) had the lowest NOx emissions,
whereas the ships with DWI (direct water injection) and HAMs (humid air motors)
had the lowest SO2 emissions but the highest particulate emissions. For all
ships, the averaged fuel sulphur contents (FSCs) were less than 1% (by
mass) but none of them was below 0.1% which will be the new EU
directive starting 1 January 2015 in the SOx emission control
areas; this
indicates that ships operating on the Baltic Sea will face large challenges. |
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