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| Titel |
Notes on the history of geophysics in the Ottoman Empire |
| VerfasserIn |
F. Ozcep  , T. Ozcep |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
2190-5010
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: History of Geo- and Space Sciences ; 5, no. 2 ; Nr. 5, no. 2 (2014-09-05), S.163-174 |
| Datensatznummer |
250115381
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hgss-5-163-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In Anatolia, the history of geophysical sciences may go back to antiquity
(600 BC), namely the period when Thales lived in Magnesia (Asia Minor). In
the modern sense, geophysics started with geomagnetic works in the 1600s.
The period between 1600 and 1800 includes the measurement of magnetic
declination, inclination and magnetic field strength. Before these years,
there is a little information, such as how to use a compass, in the Kitab-i
Bahriye (the Book of Navigation) of Piri Reis, who is one of the most
important mariners of the Ottoman Empire. However, this may not mean that
magnetic declination was generally understood. The first scientific book
relating to geophysics is the book Fuyuzat-i Miknatissiye that was
translated by Ibrahim Müteferrika and printed in 1731. The subject of
this book is earth's magnetism. There is also information concerning
geophysics in the book Cihannuma (Universal Geography) that was written
by Katip Celebi and in the book Marifetname written by Ibrahim Hakki
Erzurumlu, but these books are only partly geophysical books. In Istanbul the
year 1868 is one of the most important for geophysical sciences because an
observatory called Rasathane-i Amire was installed in the Pera region of
this city. At this observatory the first systematic geophysical observations
such as meteorological, seismological and even gravimetrical were made.
There have been meteorological records in Anatolia since 1839. These are
records of atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity. In the Ottoman
Empire, the science of geophysics is considered as one of the natural
sciences along with astronomy, mineralogy, geology, etc., and these sciences
are included as a part of physics and chemistry. |
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