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| Titel |
Influence of forest input data on rockfall simulations at the stand level |
| VerfasserIn |
Jean-Matthieu Monnet, Franck Bourrier, David Toe |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2014
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 16 (2014) |
| Datensatznummer |
250091109
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2014-5381.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The protective effect of trees against rockfall hazards has been known for a long time and
numerical models are now able to simulate the trajectory of falling rocks and the
possibility of impacts with trees. Using such models in real case-study requires
high resolution input data regarding topography and forest cover, such as provided
by airborne laser scanning (ALS) remote sensing. However, the errors in forest
predictions might result in erroneous forest protection quantification. The objective
here is to compare the results of rockfall simulations within a forest stand whose
characteristics are derived from two types of data: field inventory or ALS remote
sensing.
The software RockyFor3D is used to simulate the propagation of 2m3 blocks on a 35° slope.
Blocks accelerate across an unforested area of 50m and then enter a forest stand where
impacts on trees might slow or stop them. The kinetic energy of passing blocks is recorded at
the contour line immediately below the forest patch.
Two forest stands are used to produce the input data for the forest patch : a high forest
(80x120m2) and a coppice forest (50x50m2). For each stand, five scenarios for forest data
inputs are compared.
- “real”: the tree positions and diameters inventoried on the field are used.
- “inventory”: stand-level parameters derived from the “real” inventory are supplied to the
software which will then simulates the positions.
- “stand estimation”: stand-level parameters derived from the ALS data are supplied.
- “tree detection”: tree positions and diameters are estimated from the ALS data.
For the coppice stand, the “real” and “inventory” scenarios yield similar results: approx. 82%
of passing blocks with a mean energy of 360 kJ. The small difference may come from the
models used to generate trees positions and diameters from the stand-level data. In the “stand
estimation” scenario almost all blocks pass through the forest (98%) and they have higher
energies (390kJ). The forest protection effect is under-estimated, probably because the ALS
prediction models under-estimate the mean diameter, while the number of stem is correctly
predicted.
For the high stand, the mean energy of passing blocks is similar between the “real” and
“inventory” scenarios but their proportion is different (resp. 53 and 63%). This might be
explained by the random affectation of coniferous/broadleaved nature by the software in
the “inventory” scenario. In the “stand estimation” scenario, the over-estimation
of the protection effect is probably due to the higher stem density predicted by
the ALS model. On the contrary, the “tree detection” scenario under-estimates the
protection effect. Indeed dominant trees are correctly detected but smaller trees are
not.
Errors in forest inputs thus have a major influence on rockfall simulation results at the stand
level. Besides some improvements are possible regarding the way tree positions, diameter and
coniferous are simulated from stand-level parameters, within the simulation software. |
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