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| Titel |
Interaction of valleys and circulation patterns (CPs) on spatial precipitation patterns in southern Germany |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Liu, A. Bárdossy, E. Zehe |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 17, no. 11 ; Nr. 17, no. 11 (2013-11-26), S.4685-4699 |
| Datensatznummer |
250086006
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-17-4685-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Topography exerts influence on the spatial precipitation
distribution over different scales, known typically at the large
scale as the orographic effect, and at the small scale as the
wind-drift rainfall (WDR) effect. At the intermediate scale (1~10 km), which is characterized by secondary
mountain valleys, topography also demonstrates some effect on the
precipitation pattern. This paper investigates such
intermediate-scale topographic effects on precipitation patterns,
focusing on narrow-steep valleys in the complex terrain of southern
Germany, based on the daily observations over a 48 yr period
(1960~2007) from a high-density rain-gauge network covering
two sub-areas, Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW) and Bavaria (BY).
Precipitation data at the valley and non-valley stations are
compared under consideration of the daily general circulation
patterns (CPs) classified by a fuzzy rule-based algorithm. Scatter
plots of precipitation against elevation demonstrate a different
behavior of valley stations comparing to non-valley stations.
A detailed study of the precipitation time series for selected
station triplets, each consisting of a valley station, a mountain
station and an open station have been investigated by statistical
analysis with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test supplemented by the
One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and a graphical
comparison of the mean precipitation amounts. The results show an
interaction of valley orientation and the direction of the CPs at
the intermediate scale, i.e. when the valley is shielded from the CP
which carries the precipitation, the precipitation amount within the
valley is comparable to that on the mountain crest, and both larger
than the precipitation at the open station. When the valley is open
to the CP, the precipitation within the valley is similar to the
open station but much less than that on the mountain. Such phenomenon where the precipitation is "blind" to the valleys
at the intermediate scale conditioned on CPs is defined as the
"narrow-valley effect" in this work. Such an effect cannot be
captured by the widely used elevation–precipitation relationship,
which implies that the traditional geostatistical interpolation
schemes, e.g. ordinary kriging (OK) or external drift kriging (EDK)
applying digital elevation model (DEM) as external information, are
not sufficient. An interpolation experiment applying EDK with
orographic surrogate elevation defined in this paper as auxiliary
information to account for the valley effects shows improvement for
the cross-validation. |
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