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| Titel |
Climate and air quality trade-offs in altering ship fuel sulfur content |
| VerfasserIn |
A. I. Partanen, A. Laakso, A. Schmidt, H. Kokkola, T. Kuokkanen, J.-P. Pietikäinen, V.-M. Kerminen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, L. Laakso, H. Korhonen |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 23 ; Nr. 13, no. 23 (2013-12-12), S.12059-12071 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085875
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-12059-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Aerosol particles from shipping emissions both cool the climate and cause
adverse health effects. The cooling effect is, however, declining because of
shipping emission controls aiming to improve air quality. We used an
aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ to test whether by altering ship fuel
sulfur content, the present-day aerosol-induced cooling effect from shipping
could be preserved, while at the same time reducing premature mortality rates
related to shipping emissions. We compared the climate and health effects of
a present-day shipping emission scenario (ship fuel sulfur content of 2.7%)
with (1) a simulation with strict emission controls in the coastal waters (ship fuel sulfur content of
0.1%) and twofold the present-day fuel sulfur content (i.e. 5.4%)
elsewhere; and (2) a scenario with global strict shipping
emission controls (ship fuel sulfur content of 0.1% in coastal waters and
0.5% elsewhere) roughly corresponding to international agreements to be
enforced by the year 2020. Scenario 1 had a slightly stronger
aerosol-induced effective radiative forcing (ERF) from shipping than the
present-day scenario (−0.43 W m−2 vs. −0.39 W m−2) while
reducing premature mortality from shipping by 69% (globally 34 900 deaths
avoided per year). Scenario 2 decreased the ERF to −0.06 W m−2 and
annual deaths by 96% (globally 48 200 deaths avoided per year) compared
to present-day. Our results
show that the cooling effect of present-day emissions could be retained with
simultaneous notable improvements in air quality, even though the shipping
emissions from the open ocean clearly have a significant effect on
continental air quality. However, increasing ship fuel sulfur content in the
open ocean would violate existing international treaties, could cause
detrimental side-effects, and could be classified as geoengineering. |
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