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| Titel |
Sub-Antarctic marine aerosol: dominant contributions from biogenic sources |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Schmale, J. Schneider, E. Nemitz, Y. S. Tang, U. Dragosits, T. D. Blackall, P. N. Trathan, G. J. Phillips, M. Sutton, C. F. Braban |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 17 ; Nr. 13, no. 17 (2013-09-03), S.8669-8694 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085665
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-8669-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Biogenic influences on the composition and characteristics of aerosol were
investigated on Bird Island (54°00' S, 38°03' W) in the
South Atlantic during November and December 2010. This remote marine
environment is characterised by large seabird and seal colonies. The
chemical composition of the submicron particles, measured by an aerosol mass
spectrometer (AMS), was 21% non-sea-salt sulfate, 2% nitrate, 8%
ammonium, 22% organics and 47% sea salt including sea salt sulfate.
A new method to isolate the sea spray signature from the high-resolution AMS
data was applied. Generally, the aerosol was found to be less acidic than in
other marine environments due to the high availability of ammonia, from
local fauna emissions. By positive matrix factorisation five different
organic aerosol (OA) profiles could be isolated: an amino acid/amine
factor (AA-OA, 18% of OA mass), a methanesulfonic acid OA factor (MSA-OA,
25%), a marine oxygenated OA factor (M-OOA, 41%), a sea spray OA
fraction (SS-OA, 7%) and locally produced hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA,
9%). The AA-OA was dominant during the first two weeks of November and
found to be related with the hatching of penguins in a nearby colony. This
factor, rich in nitrogen (N : C ratio = 0.13), has implications for the
biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in the area as particulate matter is
often transported over longer distances than gaseous N-rich compounds. The
MSA-OA was mainly transported from more southerly latitudes where
phytoplankton bloomed. The bloom was identified as one of three sources for
particulate sulfate on Bird Island, next to sea salt sulfate and sulfate
transported from South America. M-OOA was the dominant organic factor and
found to be similar to marine OA observed at Mace Head, Ireland. An
additional OA factor highly correlated with sea spray aerosol was identified
(SS-OA). However, based on the available data the type of mixture, internal
or external, could not be determined. Potassium was not associated with sea
salt particles during 19% of the time, indicating the presence of
biogenic particles in addition to the MSA-OA and AA-OA factors. |
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