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| Titel |
Interviewing insights regarding the fatalities inflicted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Ando, M. Ishida, Y. Hayashi, C. Mizuki, Y. Nishikawa, Y. Tu |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 13, no. 9 ; Nr. 13, no. 9 (2013-09-06), S.2173-2187 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085507
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-13-2173-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| One hundred fifty survivors of the 11 March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
(Tohoku-oki earthquake) (Mw = 9.0) were interviewed to study the
causes of deaths from the associated tsunami in coastal areas of Tohoku. The
first official tsunami warning underestimated the height of the tsunami and
40% of the interviewees did not obtain this warning due to immediate
blackouts and a lack of communication after the earthquake. Many chose
to remain in dangerous locations based on the underestimated warning and
their experiences with previous smaller tsunamis and/or due to
misunderstanding the mitigating effects of nearby breakwaters in blocking
incoming tsunamis. Some delayed their evacuation to perform family safety
checks, and in many situations, the people affected misunderstood the risks
involved in tsunamis. In this area, three large tsunamis have struck in the
115 yr preceding the 2011 tsunami. These tsunamis remained in the
collective memory of communities, and numerous measures against future
tsunami damage, such as breakwaters and tsunami evacuation drills, had been
implemented. Despite these preparedness efforts, approximately 18 500 deaths
and cases of missing persons occurred. The death rate with the age of 65 and
above was particularly high, four times higher than that with other age
groups. These interviews indicate that deaths resulted from a variety of
reasons, but if residents had taken immediate action after the major ground
motion stopped, most residents might have been saved. Education about the
science behind earthquakes and tsunamis could help save more lives in the
future. |
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