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| Titel |
Effect of increased pCO2 level on early shell development in great scallop (Pecten maximus Lamarck) larvae |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Andersen, E. S. Grefsrud, T. Harboe |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 10, no. 10 ; Nr. 10, no. 10 (2013-10-01), S.6161-6184 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085343
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-10-6161-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| As a result of high anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the concentration of
CO2 in the oceans has increased, causing a decrease in pH, known as
ocean acidification (OA). Numerous studies have shown negative effects on
marine invertebrates, and also that the early life stages are the most sensitive
to OA. We studied the effects of OA on embryos and unfed larvae of the great
scallop (Pecten maximus Lamarck), at pCO2 levels of 469 (ambient), 807, 1164, and 1599 μatm
until seven days after fertilization. To our knowledge, this is
the first study on OA effects on larvae of this species. A drop in
pCO2 level the first 12 h was observed in the elevated
pCO2 groups due to a discontinuation in water flow to avoid escape of
embryos. When the flow was restarted, pCO2 level stabilized and was
significantly different between all groups. OA affected both survival and
shell growth negatively after seven days. Survival was reduced from 45%
in the ambient group to 12% in the highest pCO2 group. Shell length
and height were reduced by 8 and 15%, respectively, when pCO2
increased from ambient to 1599 μatm. Development of normal hinges was
negatively affected by elevated pCO2 levels in both trochophore larvae
after two days and veliger larvae after seven days. After seven days,
deformities in the shell hinge were more connected to elevated
pCO2 levels than deformities in the shell edge. Embryos stained with
calcein showed fluorescence in the newly formed shell area, indicating
calcification of the shell at the early trochophore stage between one and
two days after fertilization. Our results show that P. maximus embryos and early
larvae may be negatively affected by elevated pCO2 levels within the
range of what is projected towards year 2250, although the initial drop in
pCO2 level may have overestimated the effect of the highest
pCO2 levels. Future work should focus on long-term effects on this
species from hatching, throughout the larval stages, and further into the
juvenile and adult stages. |
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