 |
| Titel |
Free and Open Source Software underpinning the European Forest Data Centre |
| VerfasserIn |
Dario Rodriguez Aseretto, Margherita Di Leo, Daniele De Rigo, Paolo Corti, Daniel McInerney, Andrea Camia, Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2013
|
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 15 (2013) |
| Datensatznummer |
250083043
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| Worldwide, governments are growingly focusing [1] on free and open source software
(FOSS) as a move toward transparency and the freedom to run, copy, study, change and
improve the software [2]. The European Commission (EC) is also supporting the
development of FOSS (see e.g., [3]).
In addition to the financial savings, FOSS contributes to scientific knowledge freedom in
computational science (CS) [4] and is increasingly rewarded in the science-policy interface
within the emerging paradigm of open science [5–8]. Since complex computational science
applications may be affected by software uncertainty [4,9–11], FOSS may help to mitigate
part of the impact of software errors by CS community-driven open review, correction and
evolution of scientific code [10,12–15]. The continental scale of EC science-based policy
support implies wide networks of scientific collaboration. Thematic information systems
also may benefit from this approach within reproducible [16] integrated modelling
[4]. This is supported by the EC strategy on FOSS: "for the development of new
information systems, where deployment is foreseen by parties outside of the EC
infrastructure, [F]OSS will be the preferred choice and in any case used whenever possible"
[17].
The aim of this contribution is to highlight how a continental scale information system
may exploit and integrate FOSS technologies within the transdisciplinary research
underpinning such a complex system. A European example is discussed where
FOSS innervates both the structure of the information system itself and the inherent
transdisciplinary research for modelling the data and information which constitute the system
content.
The information system. The European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC,
http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/efdac/) has been established at the EC Joint Research Centre
(JRC) as the focal point for forest data and information in Europe to supply European
decision-makers with processed, quality checked and timely policy relevant forest data and
information (see also [18]). A set of web-based tools allow accessing the information located
in EFDAC. The following applications – running on GNU/Linux platforms – are the core
elements of EFDAC:
(
||| Metadata Catalogue
|||| implementationofGeoNetwork [19], (a.1)
|||| INSPIRE compliant[20,21]
|||{
(a) EFDAC = EFDAC ForestMap Viewer Application
||| customizedweb mapservice (a.2)
|||| based onGeoExt/ExtJS,OpenLayers [22],Django [23]
||||
|||( European ForestFire InformationSystem (EFFIS) (a.3)
In (a.1) a metadata client allows users to search for EFDAC related spatial datasets while
(a.2) is a customized web map service that allows the user to visualize, navigate and query
available maps and derived geo-datasets on several forest-related topics. The database system
currently relies on ORACLE and PostgreSQL [24] with PostGIS [25]. EFFIS (a.3) [26–33] is
a comprehensive system covering the full cycle of forest-fire management. The system
supports forest-fire prevention and fighting in Europe, North Africa and Middle East
countries through the provision of timely and reliable information on forest-fires
[29,30,32].
Within EFFIS, UMN Mapserver [34] is used for the management and publication
of the fire behavior forecast and the other fire-related layers in a wide range of
formats including INSPIRE and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards such
as:
(| Web Map Services (WMS )[35]
|||| which rendermap dataina pictorialimage
|||| formatoverthe internet (b.1)
||||
|||{ Web Feature Services(WFS )[36]
(b) OGC standards = thatencode vectordata using
in EFDAC ||| GeographicMarkupLanguage(GML )[37] (b.2)
||||
|||| Web CoverageServices(WCS )[38]
|||| thatdisseminategridded orrasterdata (b.3)
|(
Transdisciplinary modelling research. The EFDAC portal [39] provides data and
information which rely on coordinated research [40–50] on wide-scale transdisciplinary
modelling for environment (WSTMe) [51]. This contributed to advanced computational
modelling approaches such as morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) [52–54] and
geospatial semantic array programming (GeoSemAP) [51,55]. FOSS is here essential. For
example, GeoSemAP is based on a semantically-enhanced [56,57] joint use of geospatial and
array programming [58] tools (c) where semantic transparency also implies FOSS
use.
( )
||| GRASS GIS [59–61] |||
|||| GDAL [62] |} Geospatial
|||| OpenLayers[63] | toolsfor
|||| PostGIS[64] |||) GeoSemAP [51]
||||
|||| )
|||| GNU Octave[65,66] |||
|||| GNU R [67] |||}
|||| GNU Bash[68] Array
|||| Mastrave[56,57] ||| programming
FOSS tools |{ Python[69](Numpy [70],Scipy [71]) |||)
(c) inEFDAC = |
|||| )
|||| ConeforSensinode [72] |||
|||| Django [73] ||||
|||| jQuery[74] ||||
|||| GeoServer[33] |} Taskspecific
|||| MapServer[34] | tools
|||| MapProxy[75] ||||
|||| pktools [76] ||||
|||| EFDAC E–ForestPlatform [77] |||)
|||(
References
Hahn, R. W., Bessen, J., Evans, D. S., Lessig, L., Smith, B. L., 2009. Government Policy Toward
Open Source Software. Hahn, R. W. (Ed.). ISBN: 0-8157-3393-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn
Free Software Foundation,
2012. What is free software? http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html (revision 1.118 archived
at http://www.webcitation.org/6DXqCFAN3 )
Kroes, N., 2010. How to get more interoperability in Europe. In: Open Forum Europe 2010 Summit -
Openness at the heart of the EU Digital Agenda. No. SPEECH/10/300. European Commission press
release. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-10-300_en.pdf
de Rigo, D., 2013. Behind the horizon of reproducible integrated environmental modelling at
European scale: ethics and practice of scientific knowledge freedom. F1000 Research. To appear as
discussion paper
Stallman, R. M., 2005. Free community science and the free development of science. PLoS Med 2
(2), e47+. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020047
Cai, Y., Judd, K. L., Lontzek, T. S., 2012. Open science is necessary. Nature Climate Change 2 (5),
299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1509
Morin, A., Urban, J., Adams, P. D., Foster, I., Sali, A., Baker, D., Sliz, P., 2012. Shining light into
black boxes. Science 336 (6078), 159-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1218263
Ince, D. C., Hatton, L., Graham-Cumming, J., 2012. The case for open computer programs. Nature
482 (7386), 485-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10836
Lehman, M. M., Ramil, J. F., 2002. Software uncertainty. In: Bustard, D., Liu, W., Sterritt,
R. (Eds.), Soft-Ware 2002: Computing in an Imperfect World. Vol. 2311 of Lecture Notes
in Computer Science. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, Ch. 14, pp. 477-514.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46019-5_14
Hatton, L., 2012. Defects, scientific computation and the scientific method uncertainty
quantification in scientific computing. Vol. 377 of IFIP Advances in Information and
Communication Technology. Springer Boston, Berlin, Heidelberg, Ch. 8, pp. 123-138.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32677-6_8
de Rigo, D., 2013. Software Uncertainty in Integrated Environmental Modelling: the role of
Semantics and Open Science. Geophysical Research Abstracts 15, EGU General Assembly 2013
Hatton, L., 2007. The chimera of software quality. Computer 40 (8), 104-103.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MC.2007.292
Cai, Y., Judd, K. L., Lontzek, T. S., May 2012. Open science is necessary. Nature Climate Change 2
(5), 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1509
Sonnenburg, S., Braun, M. L., Ong, C. S., Bengio, S., Bottou, L., Holmes, G., LeCun, Y., Müller,
K. R., Pereira, F., Rasmussen, C. E., Rätsch, G., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A., Vincent, P., Weston, J.,
Williamson, R., Dec. 2007. The need for open source software in machine learning. J. Mach. Learn.
Res. 8, 2443-2466. http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/v8/sonnenburg07a.html
de Vos, M. G., Janssen, S. J. C., van Bussel, L. G. J., Kromdijk, J., van Vliet, J., Top, J.
L., Dec. 2011. Are environmental models transparent and reproducible enough? In: Chan, F.,
Marinova, D., Anderssen, R. S. (Eds.), MODSIM2011, 19th International Congress on Modelling
and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, pp. 2954-2961.
http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2011/G7/devos.pdf
Peng, R. D., 2011. Reproducible research in computational science. Science 334 (6060), 1226-1227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1213847
European Commission, 2011. Strategy for internal use of OSS at the EC. European Commission,
Directorate-General
for Informatics (DIGIT). http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/informatics/oss_tech/index_en.htm (archived at:
http://www.webcitation.org/6DXuBeTAU )
European Commission, 2006. European Union forest action plan. No. COM(2006) 302 final.
Communication from the Commission.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0302:FIN:EN:HTML
Ticheler, J., Hielkema, J. U., 2007. GeoNetwork opensource. OSGeo Journal 2, 1-5.
http://journal.osgeo.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/86/69
European Parliament, 2007. Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 14 march 2007 establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the
european community (INSPIRE). Official Journal of the European Union 50 (L 108), 1-14.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:108:0001:0014:EN:PDF
European Commission, 2008. Commission regulation (EC)
no 1205/2008 of 3 december 2008 implementing directive 2007/2/EC of the european parliament
and of the council as regards metadata. Official Journal of the European Union 51 (L 326), 12-30.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:326:0012:0030:EN:PDF
Hazzard, E., 2011. Openlayers 2.10 beginner’s guide. Packt Publishing. ISBN: 9781849514125
Holovaty, A., Kaplan-Moss, J., 2009. The definitive guide to Django: Web development done right.
Apress (distributed by Springer-Verlag). ISBN: 9781590597255.
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1572516
Worsley, J. C., Drake, J. D., 2002. Practical PostgreSQL: a hardened, robust, open source database.
O’Reilly. ISBN: 1565928466. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=580258
Obe, R., Hsu, L., 2011. PostGIS in Action. Manning Publications. ISBN:1935182269.
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2018871
San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2010. Wildfires in Europe:
The analysis of past and future trends within the European Forest Fire Information System. In: EGU
General Assembly Conference Abstracts. Vol. 12 of EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
pp. 15401+. http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2010/EGU2010-15401.pdf
Camia, A., Durrant Houston, T., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2010. The European fire database:
development, structure and implementation. In: 6th International Conference on Forest Fire
Research. No. A20. Coimbra, Portugal
Whitmore, C., Camia, A., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2010. Enhancing the European Forest Fire
Information System (EFFIS) with open source software. In: FOSS4G 2010. Barcelona, Spain.
http://2010.foss4g.org/presentations_show.php?id=3693
San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Schulte, E., Schmuck, G., Camia, A., 2012. The European Forest Fire
Information System in the context of environmental policies of the European Union. Forest Policy
and Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.08.012
San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Schulte, E., Schmuck, G., Camia, A., Strobl, P., Liberta, G., Giovando, C.,
Boca, R., Sedano, F., Kempeneers, P., McInerney, D., Withmore, C., de Oliveira, S. S., Rodrigues,
M., Durrant, T., Corti, P., Oehler, F., Vilar, L., Amatulli, G., 2012. Comprehensive monitoring of
wildfires in Europe: The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS). In: Tiefenbacher, J.
(Ed.), Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts.
InTech, Ch. 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28441
Giovando, C., Whitmore, C., Camia, A., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2010. Enhancing the European
forest fire information system (EFFIS) with open source software. In: FOSS4G 2010.
http://2010.foss4g.org/presentations_show.php?id=3693
Corti, P., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Camia, A., McInerney, D., Boca, R., Di Leo, M., 2012. Fire news
management in the context of the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS). In: proceedings
of "Quinta conferenza italiana sul software geografico e sui dati geografici liberi" (GFOSS DAY
2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.101918
Amatulli, G., Camia, A., 2007. Exploring the relationships of fire occurrence variables by jeans
of CART and MARS models. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Wildland Fire Conference,
Sevilla, Spain, 13-18 May 2007. http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/sevilla-2007/contributions/doc/cd/SESIONES_TEMATICAS/ST4/Amatulli_Camia_ITALY.pdf
MapServer, http://mapserver.org/
Open Geospatial Consortium, 2006. OpenGIS Web Map Service version 1.3.0. No. OGC 06-042 in
OpenGIS Standard.
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=14416
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms |
|
|
|
|
|
|