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| Titel |
Fifteen years of CFCs and SF6 measurements in air of Krakow, Poland |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Bielewski, M. Chmiel, I. Śliwka |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2012
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 14 (2012) |
| Datensatznummer |
250066543
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) in the
atmosphere are on the ppt level. CFCs are stable, synthetic, halogenated alkanes and they
contribute to ozone depletion by photolytic processes in the stratosphere [1]. CFCs an
SF6 also participate in intensification of the greenhouse effect. The production and
release of CFCs increased rapidly between the 1970s and 1980s. Then decreased
dramatically from the end of the 1980s because of the Montreal Protocol limitations
[2].
The measurements of CFCs and SF6 in air are usually conducted at the so-called clean
stations, i.e., at places situated outside of the urban areas influence. In Europe such clean
station is the Mace Head (Ireland), which is AGAGE participant since 1987 [3]. In
central Europe such measurements are carried out in densely populated urban area
of Krakow since 1997. Very interesting is diminishing frequency of the seasonal
variability of CFCs concentration pollution events after the date of 1.07.2002 when
the Montreal Protocol legislations were implemented in Poland (The Journal of
Laws No. 52). This suggests that the most observed sources of CFCs have been
localized to the territory of Poland (the wind and air mass movements have still the
same statistical character in Krakow region, as before legislation implementation)
[4].
The work presents a general view of environmental pollution of Krakow air (in the years
1997-2012) by selected halocarbons i.e., freons F-11 (CFCl3), F-12 (CF2Cl2), F-113
(CCl2FCClF2), chloroform (CHCl3), 1,1,1-trichloroetane (CH3CCl3), carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) and SF6.
The authors wish to acknowledge Prof. R. Weiss from Scripts Oceanography Institute
(CA, USA) for preparing of the CFC’s primary standard (SIO1993) and Dr M.
Maiss from Max-Planck Institute (Germany) for SF6 calibration. The work was
financed by grant from polish National Science Centre on the basis of Decision No.
DEC-2011/01/N/ST10/07621and is also partially supported by European InGOS
project.
References:
[1] Quin D., Decline in the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12 and
CFC-113) in an urban area of Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ. 41, pp 8424–8430,
2007;
[2] Kim K., A review of major chlorofluorocarbons and their halocarbon alternatives in
the air, Atmos. Environ. 45, pp 1369-1382, 2011;
[3] Prinn R.G. et al., A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air
deduced from
ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res. 105(D14), pp 17751 – 17792, 2000;
[4] Śliwka I., et al., Long-Term Measurements of CFCs and SF6 Concentration in Air,
Polish J. of Eviron. Stud. Vol. 19, No. 4, 811-815, 2010; |
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