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| Titel |
Geophysical Investigations in the Caucasus (1925 - 2012): Initial, Basic and Modern Stages |
| VerfasserIn |
L. V. Eppelbaum |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2012
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 14 (2012) |
| Datensatznummer |
250059328
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The Caucasian Mountains occupy an area of about 440,000 km2. A number of important
mineral resources are concentrated there. Geophysical data on the geological structure of
Caucasus can shed light on the basic principles of evolution of the Earth, the distribution of
minerals and seismic activity. However, geophysical surveys under complex conditions are
generally riddled by poor accessibility to certain mountainous regions, the unevenness of
observation surfaces, as well as by a great variety and frequent changes of tectonic
structures and geological bodies with variable physical properties. These factors either
restrict geophysical surveys in difficult environments or confine the scope of useful
information drawn from the results obtained. This has led to the development of special
techniques in geophysical surveys, data processing and interpretation that draws heavily
on the experience accumulated in the specific conditions of these mountainous
regions.
First applied geophysical observations in the Caucasus region – thermal measurements in
boreholes – were carried out by Bazevich (1881) in the Absheron Peninsula. At the
same time, start of the initial stage is usually referred to as the mid 20-s of the XX
century, when the rare, but systematic geophysical observations (mainly gravity and
magnetic) were begun in some Caucasian areas. Somewhat later began to apply the
resistivity method. Mid 30-s is characterized by the beginning of application of
borehole geophysics and seismic prospecting. The marine seismics firstly in the
former Soviet Union was tested in the Caspian Sea. In general, the initial stage is
characterized by slow, but steady rise (except during World War II) lasted until
1960.
A basic stage (1960-1991) is characterized by very intensive employment of geophysical
methods (apparently, any possible geophysical methods were tested in this region). At this
time the Caucasus region is considered in the former Soviet Union as a geophysical polygon
for testing different geophysical methods and methodologies in complicated environments.
Airborne magnetic and gravity surveys covered all the Caucasus, regional seismic and
magnetotelluric studies were used as reference profiles for deep structure investigation.
Numerous effective applications of geophysical methods for searching ore, oil&gas deposits,
building raw, fresh water localization, solving engineering, etc. was demonstrated.
Seismological investigations (including different methods) were widely applied throughout
the entire Caucasian region. Satellite geophysical examinations were successfully combined
with other methods.
Finally, destruction of the former Soviet Union in 1991 (beginning of the modern stage)
caused a sharp common decreasing of the geophysical activity in this region. Only foreign
oil-&gas companies (mainly American and England) demonstrated some industrial
geophysical activity basically in the Caspian Sea. In the last few years the situation began to
straighten out, especially in the field of seismology.
This presentation is based of the author’s experience (e.g., Eppelbaum, 1989, 1991, 2009;
Eppelbaum et al., 1987; Eppelbaum and Finkelstein, 1998; Eppelbaum and Khesin, 1988,
1992, 2002, 2004, 2011, 2012; Eppelbaum and Mishne, 2011; Eppelbaum et al., 2003, 2004;
Khesin et al., 1988, 1993a, 1993b, 1996, 1997; Khesin and Eppelbaum, 1986, 1994, 1997,
2007; Pilchin and Eppelbaum, 1997, 2011) and corresponding publications and reviews of
other authors.
References
Bazevich, L., 1881. Geological description of the Absheron Peninsula. Materials on Geology
of the Caucasus, Vol. III, p. 38 (in Russian).
Eppelbaum, L.V., 1989. The development of methods for processing and interpretation of
natural geophysical fields in prospecting for pyrite ores under mountainous conditions. PhD
Thesis, Inst. of Geophysics (Georgian Acad. of Sciences), Tbilisi.
Eppelbaum, L.V., 1991. Examples of terrain corrections in the VLF-method in the Caucasian
region, USSR. Geoexploration, 28, 67–75.
Eppelbaum, L.V., 2009. Near-surface temperature survey: An independent tool for
buried archaeological targets delineation. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 12, Suppl. 1,
e93–e103.
Eppelbaum, L.V., Bashirov, A.E. and Mishne, L.R., 1987. On the possibility of the Eötvös
correction improvement in the marine gravity investigations (in Russian). Proceed. of the Ist
All-Union Conf. on Marine Geophysics. Baku, USSR, 89–90.
Eppelbaum, L., Eppelbaum, V. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2003. Formalization and estimation of
integrated geological investigations: Informational Approach. Geoinformatics, 14, No.3,
233–240.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Finkelstein, M.I., 1998. Radon emanation, magnetic and VLF
temporary variations: removing components not associated with dynamic processes.
Collection of Selected Papers of the XXVI General Assembly of the European Seismological
Commission, (Tel Aviv, Israel), 122–126.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 1988. Physical-geological models for pyrite deposits of
the Filizchai and Lesser-Caucasian types. Transactions of All-Union Meeting "Multifactor
ore deposit models as the basis for developing effective methods of search, evaluation and
prospecting", Tskhaltubo, Georgia, 126–127 (in Russian).
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 1992. VLF-method: elimination of noise and quantitative
interpretation. Transactions of Regional Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility “1992
- From a Unified Region to a Unified World”, Section “LF to ULF Electromagnetics and the
Earth”, 5.2.1, Tel Aviv, (1992), 1–6.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 2002. Some common aspects of magnetic, induced
polarization and self-potential anomalies interpretation: implication for ore target
localization. Collection of Selected Papers of the IV Intern. Symp. on Problems of Eastern
Mediterranean Geology, 279–293.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 2004. Advanced 3-D modelling of gravity field unmasks
reserves of a pyrite-polymetallic deposit: A case study from the Greater Caucasus. First
Break, 22, No. 11, 53–56.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 2011. Development of 3-D gravity-magnetic models of
Earth’s crust of Azerbaijan and adjacent areas: A generalized review. Positioning, 2, No. 2,
84–102.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 2012. Geophysical Studies in the Caucasus.
Springer.
Eppelbaum, L.V., Khesin, B.E., Itkis S.E. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2004. Advanced analysis of
self-potential data in ore deposits and archaeological sites. Proceed. of the 10th European
Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
1–4.
Eppelbaum, L.V. and Mishne, A.R., 2011. Unmanned Airborne Magnetic and VLF
investigations: Effective Geophysical Methodology of the Near Future. Positioning, 2, No. 3,
112–133.
Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1988. Optimization of geophysical
investigations in mountainous regions by increasing the effectiveness of interpretation. In:
Optimization of prospecting for economic ore minerals in mountainous regions (in Russian).
Moscow, Nedra, 79–122.
Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1993a. Investigation of geophysical fields
in pyrite deposits under mountainous conditions. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 30,
187–204.
Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1993b. 3-D modeling of gravity and
magnetic fields as a final stage of application of effective interpretation system of
geophysical data under difficult geological conditions. Geoinformatics, 4, No.3,
177–188.
Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1996. Interpretation of Geophysical
Fields in Complicated Environments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Ser.: Modern
Approaches in Geophysics, Dordrecht-Boston-London.
Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1997. Rapid methods for interpretation of
induced polarization anomalies. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 37, No.2, 117–130.
Khesin, B.E. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1986. Optimization of the set of methods in the system of
geophysical prospecting of economic minerals. Izvestiya AN Azerb. SSR, Ser.: Earth
Sciences, No.1, 89–93 (in Russian).
Khesin, B.E. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1994. Near-surface thermal prospecting: Review of
processing and interpretation. Geophysics, 59, No.5, 744–752.
Khesin, B.E. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1997. The number of geophysical methods
required for target classification: quantitative estimation. Geoinformatics, 8, No.1,
31–39.
Khesin, B.E. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 2007. Development of 3-D gravity/magnetic models of
Earth’s crust in complicated regions of Azerbaijan. Proceed. of the 69th EAGE Conference,
P343, London, Great Britain, 1–5.
Pilchin, A.N. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1997. Determination of magnetized bodies lower
edges by using geothermal data. Geophysical Journal International, 128, No.1,
167–174.
Pilchin, A.N. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 2011. The Early Earth, Formation and Evolution of the
Lithosphere in the Hadean – Middle Archean. In: (Eds. Sato, F. and Nakamura, S.)
Encyclopedia of Earth Science Research (3 Volume Set), Nova Science Publishers, N.Y.,
USA, 1-93. |
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