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| Titel |
Integrated Assessment of an Emission Trading Scheme to reduce emissions from international shipping and the related environmental impact over Europe |
| VerfasserIn |
Nele Veldeman, Stijn Janssen, Felix Deutsch, Kris Vanherle, Pieter Lodewijks, Jan Duerinck, Paul Campling |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2011
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 13 (2011) |
| Datensatznummer |
250056008
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Shipping transports the majority of goods traded internationally and although it is
acknowledged as being the most efficient and the most environmentally friendly mode of
transport it is also an important contributor to anthropogenic emissions.
This study assesses the use of an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for the year 2020 to
reduce the emissions from international ships entering European Community ports.
Additional costs and benefits of including the maritime sector into a land-based ETS for NOx
and SO2 are quantified.
An analysis of SO2 emission projections and the expected costs to abate SO2 emissions in
the year 2020 indicated that an ETS or any other market based instrument to reduce
SO2 emissions from shipping was not required, because the current and upcoming
legislation to reduce SO2 emissions will have a significant impact and result in very
low SO2 shipping emissions by 2020. The situation for NOx emissions, however,
is different. In 2020 the projected maritime NOx emissions in European seas is
expected to be 20% higher than land based industrial installations. We carried out
a full integrated modelling assessment starting from emission trade simulations,
spatial disaggregation of the emission trading outcome, an air pollution dispersion
modelling with the BelEUROS model for the whole of Europe and a GIS analysis to
assess the environmental impact on population and sensitive ecosystems. The effect
of different ETS pricing scenarios and ETS set-up (all shipping versus restricted
shipping emissions) on primary and secondary pollutant levels across Europe is
presented.
A monetary assessment using the Clean Air For Europe (CAFÉ) approach indicated that
although the total volume of emissions is substantially reduced if an European ETS including
land based IPPC emissions and shipping emissions from all EU waters is set up, the actual
effectiveness of incorporating only the emissions from ships in the port context and the
territorial seas of EC Member States is greater. The reason for this is that the majority of the
NOx emissions reduced in the EU waters are too far from land to make an environmental
impact.
The principle recommendation from the study is to have a geographically restricted and
compulsory ETS for NOx. This will provide market based incentives for land based IPPC
installations and international shipping to implement emission abatement technologies in
order to improve the health of EU citizens and ecosystems in the coastal areas of Europe. |
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