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| Titel |
The climate impact of biofuels in shipping: global model studies of the aerosol indirect effect |
| VerfasserIn |
Mattia Righi, Carolin Klinger, Veronika Eyring, Johannes Hendricks, Axel Lauer, Andreas Petzold |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2011
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 13 (2011) |
| Datensatznummer |
250055177
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Aerosol emissions from international shipping are recognized to have a large impact on the
Earth’s radiation budget, directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and indirectly by
altering cloud properties. New regulations have recently been proposed by the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) aiming at progressive reductions of the maximum sulfur
content allowed in marine fuels from current 4.5% by mass down to 0.5% in 2020, with
more restrictive limits already applied in some coastal regions. In this context, we
use a global bottom-up algorithm to calculate geographically resolved emission
inventories of gaseous (NOx, CO, SO2) and aerosol (black carbon, organic matter,
sulfate) species for different kinds of low-sulfur fuels in shipping. We apply these
inventories to study the resulting changes in radiative forcing, attributed to particles from
shipping, with the global aerosol-climate model EMAC-MADE. The emission
factors for the different fuels are based on measurements at a test bed of a large
diesel engine. We consider both fossil fuel (marine gas oil) and biofuels (palm
and soy bean oil) as a substitute for heavy fuel oil in the current (2006) fleet and
compare their climate impact to that resulting from heavy fuel oil use. Our simulations
suggest that ship-induced surface level concentrations of sulfate aerosol are strongly
reduced, up to about 40-60% in the high-traffic regions. This clearly has positive
consequences for pollution reduction in the vicinity of major harbors. Additionally,
such reductions in the aerosol loading lead to a decrease of a factor of 3-4 in the
indirect global aerosol effect induced by emissions from international shipping. |
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