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| Titel |
Remote ship emission measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from airborne platforms |
| VerfasserIn |
Niklas Berg, Johan Mellqvist |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2011
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 13 (2011) |
| Datensatznummer |
250055150
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The combustion of fossil fuels gives rise to emissions of sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen
oxides. The International Maritime Organization has ratified new conventions to
reduce ship emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are predicted to
exceed land based emissions by 2020. There is economic incitement to disobey the
legislation and run with cheaper residual fuel containing high concentrations of
sulfur.
As a mean to control ships remotely an optical remote sensing system to measure
total emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO2) from ship exhaust
plumes has been developed in a Swedish national project. The system is based on
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy using reflected skylight on the water surface
as light source. The emission measurements are carried out by conducting flight
transects over and perpendicular to the exhaust plume of the ships. A spectrometer is
recording spectra with the telescope pointed at 30Ë angle from the horizon. The mass
column of SO2 and NO2 in the light path of each spectrum is retrieved and the
column values obtained when measuring across the ship plume are summed up.
The resulting total mass across the plume is further multiplied with the apparent
wind to obtain the total emission in kg/h. The optical system is part of a larger
system, denoted IGPS (Identification of Gross Polluting Ships) which will be further
described.
The system was operated from a CASA-212 airplane during 2008 around the Swedish
coast and from a Dauphin helicopter on the North Sea in an EU campaign 2009. In this
presentation the results from these measurements will be shown. The uncertainty is
estimated to be in the range 40-60% with the largest error sources corresponding to the
uncertainty in the optical path due to multiple scattering and influence of waves. |
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